/*****************************************************************************
 * Copyright by The HDF Group.                                               *
 * Copyright by the Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois.         *
 * All rights reserved.                                                      *
 *                                                                           *
 * This file is part of the HDF Java Products distribution.                  *
 * The full copyright notice, including terms governing use, modification,   *
 * and redistribution, is contained in the COPYING file, which can be found  *
 * at the root of the source code distribution tree,                         *
 * or in https://www.hdfgroup.org/licenses.                                  *
 * If you do not have access to either file, you may request a copy from     *
 * help@hdfgroup.org.                                                        *
 ****************************************************************************/

package hdf.object.h5;

import java.io.File;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Hashtable;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.Vector;

import hdf.object.Attribute;
import hdf.object.Dataset;
import hdf.object.Datatype;
import hdf.object.FileFormat;
import hdf.object.Group;
import hdf.object.HObject;
import hdf.object.ScalarDS;
import hdf.object.h5.H5Attribute;
import hdf.object.h5.H5CompoundAttr;
import hdf.object.h5.H5Datatype;
import hdf.object.h5.H5ReferenceType;
import hdf.object.h5.H5ReferenceType.H5ReferenceData;
import hdf.object.h5.H5ScalarAttr;

import hdf.hdf5lib.H5;
import hdf.hdf5lib.HDF5Constants;
import hdf.hdf5lib.HDFNativeData;
import hdf.hdf5lib.exceptions.HDF5Exception;
import hdf.hdf5lib.structs.H5G_info_t;
import hdf.hdf5lib.structs.H5L_info_t;
import hdf.hdf5lib.structs.H5O_info_t;
import hdf.hdf5lib.structs.H5O_token_t;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * H5File is an implementation of the FileFormat class for HDF5 files.
 *
 * The HDF5 file structure is made up of HObjects stored in a tree-like fashion. Each tree node represents an
 * HDF5 object: a Group, Dataset, or Named Datatype. Starting from the root of the tree, <i>rootObject</i>,
 * the tree can be traversed to find a specific object.
 *
 * The following example shows the implementation of finding an object for a given path in FileFormat. User
 * applications can directly call the static method FileFormat.findObject(file, objPath) to get the object.
 *
 * <pre>
 * HObject findObject(FileFormat file, String path) {
 *     if (file == null || path == null)
 *         return null;
 *     if (!path.endsWith(&quot;/&quot;))
 *         path = path + &quot;/&quot;;
 *     HObject theRoot = file.getRootObject();
 *     if (theRoot == null)
 *         return null;
 *     else if (path.equals(&quot;/&quot;))
 *         return theRoot;
 *
 *     Iterator local_it = ((Group) theRoot)
 *             .breadthFirstMemberList().iterator();
 *     HObject theObj = null;
 *     while (local_it.hasNext()) {
 *         theObj = local_it.next();
 *         String fullPath = theObj.getFullName() + &quot;/&quot;;
 *         if (path.equals(fullPath) &amp;&amp;  theObj.getPath() != null ) {
 *             break;
 *     }
 *     return theObj;
 * }
 * </pre>
 *
 * @author Peter X. Cao
 * @version 2.4 9/4/2007
 */
public class H5File extends FileFormat {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 6247335559471526045L;

    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(H5File.class);

    /**
     * the file access flag. Valid values are
     *   HDF5Constants.H5F_ACC_RDONLY,
     *   HDF5Constants.H5F_ACC_SWMR_READ (with H5F_ACC_RDONLY)
     *   HDF5Constants.H5F_ACC_RDWR
     *   HDF5Constants.H5F_ACC_CREAT
     */
    private int flag;

    /**
     * The index type. Valid values are HDF5Constants.H5_INDEX_NAME, HDF5Constants.H5_INDEX_CRT_ORDER.
     */
    private int indexType = HDF5Constants.H5_INDEX_NAME;

    /**
     * The index order. Valid values are HDF5Constants.H5_ITER_INC, HDF5Constants.H5_ITER_DEC.
     */
    private int indexOrder = HDF5Constants.H5_ITER_INC;

    /**
     * The root object of the file hierarchy.
     */
    private HObject rootObject;

    /**
     * How many characters maximum in an attribute name?
     */
    private static final int attrNameLen = 256;

    /**
     * The library version bounds
     */
    private int[] libver;
    /** The library latest version value */
    public static final int LIBVER_LATEST = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_LATEST;
    /** The library earliest version value */
    public static final int LIBVER_EARLIEST = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_EARLIEST;
    /** The library v1.8 version value */
    public static final int LIBVER_V18 = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V18;
    /** The library v1.10 version value */
    public static final int LIBVER_V110 = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V110;
    /** The library v1.12 version value */
    public static final int LIBVER_V112 = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V112;
    /** The library v1.14 version value */
    public static final int LIBVER_V114 = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V114;

    /**
     * Indicate that this file is open for reading in a
     * single-writer/multi-reader (SWMR) scenario. Note that
     * the process(es) opening the file for SWMR reading must
     * also open the file with the #H5F_ACC_RDONLY flag.
     */
    public static final int SWMR = MULTIREAD;

    /**
     * Enum to indicate the type of I/O to perform inside of the common I/O
     * function.
     */
    public static enum IO_TYPE {
        /** read IO type */
        READ,
        /** write IO type */
        WRITE
    }
    ;

    /***************************************************************************
     * Constructor
     **************************************************************************/
    /**
     * Constructs an H5File instance with an empty file name and read-only access.
     */
    public H5File() { this("", READ); }

    /**
     * Constructs an H5File instance with specified file name and read/write access.
     *
     * This constructor does not open the file for access, nor does it confirm that the file can be opened
     * read/write.
     *
     * @param fileName
     *            A valid file name, with a relative or absolute path.
     *
     * @throws NullPointerException
     *             If the <code>fileName</code> argument is <code>null</code>.
     */
    public H5File(String fileName) { this(fileName, WRITE); }

    /**
     * Constructs an H5File instance with specified file name and access.
     *
     * The access parameter values and corresponding behaviors:
     * <ul>
     * <li>READ: Read-only access; open() will fail file doesn't exist.</li>
     * <li>SWMR: Read-only access; open() will fail file doesn't exist.</li>
     * <li>WRITE: Read/Write access; open() will fail if file doesn't exist or if file can't be opened with
     * read/write access.</li> <li>CREATE: Read/Write access; create a new file or truncate an existing one;
     * open() will fail if file can't be created or if file exists but can't be opened read/write.</li>
     * </ul>
     *
     * This constructor does not open the file for access, nor does it confirm that the file can later be
     * opened read/write or created.
     *
     * The flag returned by {@link #isReadOnly()} is set to true if the access parameter value is READ, even
     * though the file isn't yet open.
     *
     * @param fileName
     *            A valid file name, with a relative or absolute path.
     * @param access
     *            The file access flag, which determines behavior when file is opened. Acceptable values are
     *            <code> READ, WRITE, </code> and <code>CREATE</code>.
     *
     * @throws NullPointerException
     *             If the <code>fileName</code> argument is <code>null</code>.
     */
    public H5File(String fileName, int access)
    {
        // Call FileFormat ctor to set absolute path name
        super(fileName);
        libver    = new int[2];
        libver[0] = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_EARLIEST;
        libver[1] = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_LATEST;

        if ((access & FILE_CREATE_OPEN) == FILE_CREATE_OPEN) {
            File f = new File(fileName);
            if (f.exists())
                access = WRITE;
            else
                access = CREATE;
        }

        // set metadata for the instance
        rootObject = null;
        this.fid   = -1;
        isReadOnly = (READ == (access & READ)) || (MULTIREAD == (access & MULTIREAD));

        // At this point we just set up the flags for what happens later.
        // We just pass unexpected access values on... subclasses may have
        // their own values.
        if (MULTIREAD == (access & MULTIREAD))
            flag = HDF5Constants.H5F_ACC_RDONLY | HDF5Constants.H5F_ACC_SWMR_READ;
        else if (READ == (access & READ))
            flag = HDF5Constants.H5F_ACC_RDONLY;
        else if (access == WRITE)
            flag = HDF5Constants.H5F_ACC_RDWR;
        else if (access == CREATE)
            flag = HDF5Constants.H5F_ACC_CREAT;
        else
            flag = access;
    }

    /***************************************************************************
     * Class methods
     **************************************************************************/

    /**
     * Copies the attributes of one object to another object.
     *
     * This method copies all the attributes from one object (source object) to another (destination object).
     * If an attribute already exists in the destination object, the attribute will not be copied. Attribute
     * names exceeding 256 characters will be truncated in the destination object.
     *
     * The object can be an H5Group, an H5Dataset, or a named H5Datatype. This method is in the H5File class
     * because there is no H5Object class and it is specific to HDF5 objects.
     *
     * The copy can fail for a number of reasons, including an invalid source or destination object, but no
     * exceptions are thrown. The actual copy is carried out by the method: {@link #copyAttributes(long,
     * long)}
     *
     * @param src
     *            The source object.
     * @param dst
     *            The destination object.
     *
     * @see #copyAttributes(long, long)
     */
    public static final void copyAttributes(HObject src, HObject dst)
    {
        if ((src != null) && (dst != null)) {
            long srcID = src.open();
            long dstID = dst.open();

            if ((srcID >= 0) && (dstID >= 0))
                copyAttributes(srcID, dstID);

            if (srcID >= 0)
                src.close(srcID);

            if (dstID >= 0)
                dst.close(dstID);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Copies the attributes of one object to another object.
     *
     * This method copies all the attributes from one object (source object) to another (destination object).
     * If an attribute already exists in the destination object, the attribute will not be copied. Attribute
     * names exceeding 256 characters will be truncated in the destination object.
     *
     * The object can be an H5Group, an H5Dataset, or a named H5Datatype. This method is in the H5File class
     * because there is no H5Object class and it is specific to HDF5 objects.
     *
     * The copy can fail for a number of reasons, including an invalid source or destination object
     * identifier, but no exceptions are thrown.
     *
     * @param src_id
     *            The identifier of the source object.
     * @param dst_id
     *            The identifier of the destination object.
     */
    public static final void copyAttributes(long src_id, long dst_id)
    {
        log.trace("copyAttributes(): start: src_id={} dst_id={}", src_id, dst_id);
        long aid_src        = -1;
        long aid_dst        = -1;
        long asid           = -1;
        long atid           = -1;
        String aName        = null;
        H5O_info_t obj_info = null;

        try {
            obj_info = H5.H5Oget_info(src_id);
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            obj_info.num_attrs = -1;
        }

        if (obj_info.num_attrs < 0) {
            log.debug("copyAttributes(): no attributes");
            return;
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < obj_info.num_attrs; i++) {
            try {
                aid_src = H5.H5Aopen_by_idx(src_id, ".", HDF5Constants.H5_INDEX_CRT_ORDER,
                                            HDF5Constants.H5_ITER_INC, i, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT,
                                            HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
                aName   = H5.H5Aget_name(aid_src);
                atid    = H5.H5Aget_type(aid_src);
                asid    = H5.H5Aget_space(aid_src);

                aid_dst = H5.H5Acreate(dst_id, aName, atid, asid, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT,
                                       HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);

                // use native data copy
                H5.H5Acopy(aid_src, aid_dst);
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                log.debug("copyAttributes(): Attribute[{}] failure: ", i, ex);
            }

            try {
                H5.H5Sclose(asid);
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                log.debug("copyAttributes(): Attribute[{}] H5Sclose(asid {}) failure: ", i, asid, ex);
            }
            try {
                H5.H5Tclose(atid);
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                log.debug("copyAttributes(): Attribute[{}] H5Tclose(atid {}) failure: ", i, atid, ex);
            }
            try {
                H5.H5Aclose(aid_src);
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                log.debug("copyAttributes(): Attribute[{}] H5Aclose(aid_src {}) failure: ", i, aid_src, ex);
            }
            try {
                H5.H5Aclose(aid_dst);
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                log.debug("copyAttributes(): Attribute[{}] H5Aclose(aid_dst {}) failure: ", i, aid_dst, ex);
            }

        } // (int i=0; i<num_attr; i++)
    }

    /**
     * Returns a list of attributes for the specified object.
     *
     * This method returns a list containing the attributes associated with the
     * identified object. If there are no associated attributes, an empty list will
     * be returned.
     *
     * Attribute names exceeding 256 characters will be truncated in the returned
     * list.
     *
     * @param obj
     *            The HObject whose attributes are to be returned.
     *
     * @return The list of the object's attributes.
     *
     * @throws HDF5Exception
     *             If an underlying HDF library routine is unable to perform a step
     *             necessary to retrieve the attributes. A variety of failures throw
     *             this exception.
     *
     * @see #getAttribute(HObject,int,int)
     */
    public static final List<Attribute> getAttribute(HObject obj) throws HDF5Exception
    {
        return H5File.getAttribute(obj, HDF5Constants.H5_INDEX_NAME, HDF5Constants.H5_ITER_INC);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a list of attributes for the specified object, in creation or
     * alphabetical order.
     *
     * This method returns a list containing the attributes associated with the
     * identified object. If there are no associated attributes, an empty list will
     * be returned. The list of attributes returned can be in increasing or
     * decreasing, creation or alphabetical order.
     *
     * Attribute names exceeding 256 characters will be truncated in the returned
     * list.
     *
     * @param obj
     *            The HObject whose attributes are to be returned.
     * @param idx_type
     *            The type of index. Valid values are:
     *            <ul>
     *            <li>H5_INDEX_NAME: An alpha-numeric index by attribute name
     *            <li>H5_INDEX_CRT_ORDER: An index by creation order
     *            </ul>
     * @param order
     *            The index traversal order. Valid values are:
     *            <ul>
     *            <li>H5_ITER_INC: A top-down iteration incrementing the index
     *            position at each step.
     *            <li>H5_ITER_DEC: A bottom-up iteration decrementing the index
     *            position at each step.
     *            </ul>
     *
     * @return The list of the object's attributes.
     *
     * @throws HDF5Exception
     *             If an underlying HDF library routine is unable to perform a step
     *             necessary to retrieve the attributes. A variety of failures throw
     *             this exception.
     */

    public static final List<Attribute> getAttribute(HObject obj, int idx_type, int order)
        throws HDF5Exception
    {
        log.trace("getAttribute(): start: obj={} idx_type={} order={}", obj, idx_type, order);
        List<Attribute> attributeList = null;
        long objID                    = -1;
        long aid                      = -1;
        long sid                      = -1;
        long tid                      = -1;
        H5O_info_t obj_info           = null;

        objID = obj.open();
        if (objID >= 0) {
            try {
                try {
                    log.trace("getAttribute(): get obj_info");
                    obj_info = H5.H5Oget_info(objID);
                }
                catch (Exception ex) {
                    log.debug("getAttribute(): H5Oget_info(objID {}) failure: ", objID, ex);
                }
                if (obj_info.num_attrs <= 0) {
                    log.trace("getAttribute(): no attributes");
                    return (attributeList = new Vector<>());
                }

                int n         = (int)obj_info.num_attrs;
                attributeList = new Vector<>(n);
                log.trace("getAttribute(): num_attrs={}", n);

                for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                    long lsize = 1;
                    log.trace("getAttribute(): attribute[{}]", i);

                    try {
                        aid = H5.H5Aopen_by_idx(objID, ".", idx_type, order, i, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT,
                                                HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
                        sid = H5.H5Aget_space(aid);
                        log.trace("getAttribute(): Attribute[{}] aid={} sid={}", i, aid, sid);

                        long dims[] = null;
                        int rank    = H5.H5Sget_simple_extent_ndims(sid);

                        log.trace("getAttribute(): Attribute[{}] isScalar={}", i, (rank == 0));

                        if (rank > 0) {
                            dims = new long[rank];
                            H5.H5Sget_simple_extent_dims(sid, dims, null);
                            log.trace("getAttribute(): Attribute[{}] rank={}, dims={}", i, rank, dims);
                            for (int j = 0; j < dims.length; j++) {
                                lsize *= dims[j];
                            }
                        }

                        String nameA = H5.H5Aget_name(aid);
                        log.trace("getAttribute(): Attribute[{}] is {} with lsize={}", i, nameA, lsize);

                        long tmptid = -1;
                        try {
                            tmptid = H5.H5Aget_type(aid);
                            tid    = H5.H5Tget_native_type(tmptid);
                            log.trace("getAttribute(): Attribute[{}] tid={} native tmptid={} from aid={}", i,
                                      tid, tmptid, aid);
                        }
                        finally {
                            try {
                                H5.H5Tclose(tmptid);
                            }
                            catch (Exception ex) {
                                log.debug("getAttribute(): Attribute[{}] H5Tclose(tmptid {}) failure: ", i,
                                          tmptid, ex);
                            }
                        }

                        H5Datatype attrType = null;
                        try {
                            int nativeClass = H5.H5Tget_class(tid);
                            if (nativeClass == HDF5Constants.H5T_REFERENCE)
                                attrType = new H5ReferenceType(obj.getFileFormat(), lsize, tid);
                            else
                                attrType = new H5Datatype(obj.getFileFormat(), tid);

                            log.trace("getAttribute(): Attribute[{}] Datatype={}", i,
                                      attrType.getDescription());
                            log.trace(
                                "getAttribute(): Attribute[{}] has size={} isCompound={} is_variable_str={} isVLEN={}",
                                i, lsize, attrType.isCompound(), attrType.isVarStr(), attrType.isVLEN());
                        }
                        catch (Exception ex) {
                            log.debug("getAttribute(): failed to create datatype for Attribute[{}]: ", i, ex);
                            attrType = null;
                        }

                        Attribute attr = null;
                        if (attrType.isCompound())
                            attr = (Attribute) new H5CompoundAttr(obj, nameA, attrType, dims);
                        else
                            attr = (Attribute) new H5ScalarAttr(obj, nameA, attrType, dims);
                        attributeList.add(attr);

                        // retrieve the attribute value
                        if (lsize <= 0) {
                            log.debug("getAttribute(): Attribute[{}] lsize <= 0", i);
                            continue;
                        }

                        if (lsize < Integer.MIN_VALUE || lsize > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
                            log.debug(
                                "getAttribute(): Attribute[{}] lsize outside valid Java int range; unsafe cast",
                                i);
                            continue;
                        }

                        try {
                            // attr.AttributeCommonIO(aid, H5File.IO_TYPE.READ, null);
                            Object attrData = attr.getAttributeData();
                            log.trace("getAttribute(): attrType.isRef()={}", attrType.isRef());
                            if (attrType.isRef()) {
                                if (attr.getAttributeRank() > 2)
                                    ((H5ReferenceType)attrType).setRefSize(attr.getAttributePlane());
                                ((H5ReferenceType)attrType).setData(attrData);
                            }
                        }
                        catch (Exception ex) {
                            log.debug("getAttribute(): failed to read attribute: ", ex);
                        }
                    }
                    catch (HDF5Exception ex) {
                        log.debug("getAttribute(): Attribute[{}] inspection failure: ", i, ex);
                    }
                    finally {
                        try {
                            H5.H5Tclose(tid);
                        }
                        catch (Exception ex) {
                            log.debug("getAttribute(): Attribute[{}] H5Tclose(tid {}) failure: ", i, tid, ex);
                        }
                        try {
                            H5.H5Sclose(sid);
                        }
                        catch (Exception ex) {
                            log.debug("getAttribute(): Attribute[{}] H5Sclose(aid {}) failure: ", i, sid, ex);
                        }
                        try {
                            H5.H5Aclose(aid);
                        }
                        catch (Exception ex) {
                            log.debug("getAttribute(): Attribute[{}] H5Aclose(aid {}) failure: ", i, aid, ex);
                        }
                    }
                } // (int i=0; i<obj_info.num_attrs; i++)
                for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                    Attribute attr       = (Attribute)attributeList.get(i);
                    H5Datatype atype     = (H5Datatype)attr.getAttributeDatatype();
                    H5Datatype aBasetype = (H5Datatype)atype.getDatatypeBase();
                    boolean BDTisRef     = false;
                    if (aBasetype != null)
                        BDTisRef = aBasetype.isRef();
                    if (atype.isRef() || BDTisRef) {
                        H5ReferenceType rtype = null;
                        if (BDTisRef)
                            rtype = (H5ReferenceType)aBasetype;
                        else
                            rtype = (H5ReferenceType)atype;
                        try {
                            List<H5ReferenceData> refdata = (List)rtype.getData();
                            for (int r = 0; r < (int)rtype.getRefSize(); r++) {
                                H5ReferenceData rf = refdata.get(r);
                                log.trace("getAttribute(): refdata {}", rf.ref_array);
                            }
                        }
                        catch (Exception ex) {
                            log.trace("Error retrieving H5ReferenceData of object ", ex);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            finally {
                obj.close(objID);
            }
        }

        return attributeList;
    }

    /**
     * Creates attributes for an HDF5 image dataset.
     *
     * This method creates attributes for two common types of HDF5 images. It provides a way of adding
     * multiple attributes to an HDF5 image dataset with a single call. The {@link #writeAttribute(HObject,
     * Attribute, boolean)} method may be used to write image attributes that are not handled by this method.
     *
     * For more information about HDF5 image attributes, read <a
     * href="https://hdfgroup.github.io/hdf5/_i_m_g.html">HDF5 Image and Palette Specification</a>
     *
     * This method can be called to create attributes for 24-bit true color and indexed images. The
     * <code>selectionFlag</code> parameter controls whether this will be an indexed or true color image. If
     * <code>selectionFlag</code> is <code>-1</code>, this will be an indexed image. If the value is
     * <code>ScalarDS.INTERLACE_PIXEL</code> or <code>ScalarDS.INTERLACE_PLANE</code>, it will be a 24-bit
     * true color image with the indicated interlace mode.
     *
     * <ul>
     * The created attribute descriptions, names, and values are:
     * <li>The image identifier: name="CLASS", value="IMAGE"
     * <li>The version of image: name="IMAGE_VERSION", value="1.2"
     * <li>The range of data values: name="IMAGE_MINMAXRANGE", value=[0, 255]
     * <li>The type of the image: name="IMAGE_SUBCLASS", value="IMAGE_TRUECOLOR" or "IMAGE_INDEXED"
     * <li>For IMAGE_TRUECOLOR, the interlace mode: name="INTERLACE_MODE", value="INTERLACE_PIXEL" or
     * "INTERLACE_PLANE" <li>For IMAGE_INDEXED, the palettes to use in viewing the image: name="PALETTE",
     * value= 1-d array of references to the palette datasets, with initial value of {-1}
     * </ul>
     *
     * This method is in the H5File class rather than H5ScalarDS because images are typically thought of at
     * the File Format implementation level.
     *
     * @param dataset       The image dataset the attributes are added to.
     * @param selectionFlag Selects the image type and, for 24-bit true color images, the interlace mode.
     *     Valid values
     *                      are:
     *                      <ul>
     *                      <li>-1: Indexed Image.
     *                      <li>ScalarDS.INTERLACE_PIXEL: True Color Image. The component values for a pixel
     * are stored contiguously. <li>ScalarDS.INTERLACE_PLANE: True Color Image. Each component is stored in a
     * separate plane.
     *                      </ul>
     *
     * @throws Exception If there is a problem creating the attributes, or if the selectionFlag is invalid.
     */
    private static final void createImageAttributes(Dataset dataset, int selectionFlag) throws Exception
    {
        log.trace("createImageAttributes(): start: dataset={}", dataset.toString());
        String subclass      = null;
        String interlaceMode = null;

        if (selectionFlag == ScalarDS.INTERLACE_PIXEL) {
            log.trace("createImageAttributes(): subclass IMAGE_TRUECOLOR selectionFlag INTERLACE_PIXEL");
            subclass      = "IMAGE_TRUECOLOR";
            interlaceMode = "INTERLACE_PIXEL";
        }
        else if (selectionFlag == ScalarDS.INTERLACE_PLANE) {
            log.trace("createImageAttributes(): subclass IMAGE_TRUECOLOR selectionFlag INTERLACE_PLANE");
            subclass      = "IMAGE_TRUECOLOR";
            interlaceMode = "INTERLACE_PLANE";
        }
        else if (selectionFlag == -1) {
            log.trace("createImageAttributes(): subclass IMAGE_INDEXED");
            subclass = "IMAGE_INDEXED";
        }
        else {
            log.debug("createImageAttributes(): invalid selectionFlag");
            throw new HDF5Exception("The selectionFlag is invalid.");
        }

        String attrName     = "CLASS";
        String[] classValue = {"IMAGE"};
        Datatype attrType = new H5Datatype(Datatype.CLASS_STRING, classValue[0].length() + 1, Datatype.NATIVE,
                                           Datatype.NATIVE);
        Attribute attr    = (Attribute) new H5ScalarAttr(dataset, attrName, attrType, null);
        attr.writeAttribute(classValue);

        attrName              = "IMAGE_VERSION";
        String[] versionValue = {"1.2"};
        attrType = new H5Datatype(Datatype.CLASS_STRING, versionValue[0].length() + 1, Datatype.NATIVE,
                                  Datatype.NATIVE);
        attr     = (Attribute) new H5ScalarAttr(dataset, attrName, attrType, null);
        attr.writeAttribute(versionValue);

        long[] attrDims     = {2};
        attrName            = "IMAGE_MINMAXRANGE";
        byte[] attrValueInt = {0, (byte)255};
        attrType            = new H5Datatype(Datatype.CLASS_CHAR, 1, Datatype.NATIVE, Datatype.SIGN_NONE);
        attr                = (Attribute) new H5ScalarAttr(dataset, attrName, attrType, attrDims);
        attr.writeAttribute(attrValueInt);

        attrName               = "IMAGE_SUBCLASS";
        String[] subclassValue = {subclass};
        attrType = new H5Datatype(Datatype.CLASS_STRING, subclassValue[0].length() + 1, Datatype.NATIVE,
                                  Datatype.NATIVE);
        attr     = (Attribute) new H5ScalarAttr(dataset, attrName, attrType, null);
        attr.writeAttribute(subclassValue);

        if ((selectionFlag == ScalarDS.INTERLACE_PIXEL) || (selectionFlag == ScalarDS.INTERLACE_PLANE)) {
            attrName                = "INTERLACE_MODE";
            String[] interlaceValue = {interlaceMode};
            attrType = new H5Datatype(Datatype.CLASS_STRING, interlaceValue[0].length() + 1, Datatype.NATIVE,
                                      Datatype.NATIVE);
            attr     = (Attribute) new H5ScalarAttr(dataset, attrName, attrType, null);
            attr.writeAttribute(interlaceValue);
        }
        else {
            attrName      = "PALETTE";
            String palRef = "."; // set ref to null
            attrType      = new H5Datatype(Datatype.CLASS_REFERENCE, 1, Datatype.NATIVE, Datatype.SIGN_NONE);
            attr          = (Attribute) new H5ScalarAttr(dataset, attrName, attrType, null);
            attr.writeAttribute(palRef);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Updates values of scalar dataset object references in copied file.
     *
     * This method has very specific functionality as documented below, and the user is advised to pay close
     * attention when dealing with files that contain references.
     *
     * When a copy is made from one HDF file to another, object references and dataset region references are
     * copied, but the references in the destination file are not updated by the copy and are therefore
     * invalid.
     *
     * When an entire file is copied, this method updates the values of the object references and dataset
     * region references that are in scalar datasets in the destination file so that they point to the correct
     * object(s) in the destination file. The method does not update references that occur in objects other
     * than scalar datasets.
     *
     * In the current release, the updating of object references is not handled completely as it was not
     * required by the projects that funded development. There is no support for updates when the copy does
     * not include the entire file. Nor is there support for updating objects other than scalar datasets in
     * full-file copies. This functionality will be extended as funding becomes available or, possibly, when
     * the underlying HDF library supports the reference updates itself.
     *
     * @param srcFile
     *            The file that was copied.
     * @param dstFile
     *            The destination file where the object references will be updated.
     *
     * @throws Exception
     *             If there is a problem in the update process.
     */
    public static final void updateReferenceDataset(H5File srcFile, H5File dstFile) throws Exception
    {
        if ((srcFile == null) || (dstFile == null)) {
            log.debug("updateReferenceDataset(): srcFile or dstFile is null");
            return;
        }

        HObject srcRoot = srcFile.getRootObject();
        HObject newRoot = dstFile.getRootObject();

        Iterator<HObject> srcIt = getMembersBreadthFirst(srcRoot).iterator();
        Iterator<HObject> newIt = getMembersBreadthFirst(newRoot).iterator();

        long did = -1;
        // build one-to-one table of between objects in
        // the source file and new file
        long tid = -1;
        HObject srcObj, newObj;
        Hashtable<String, long[]> oidMap = new Hashtable<>();
        List<ScalarDS> refDatasets       = new Vector<>();
        while (newIt.hasNext() && srcIt.hasNext()) {
            srcObj = srcIt.next();
            newObj = newIt.next();
            oidMap.put(String.valueOf((srcObj.getOID())[0]), newObj.getOID());
            did = -1;
            tid = -1;

            // for Scalar DataSets in destination, if there is an object
            // reference in the dataset, add it to the refDatasets list for
            // later updating.
            if (newObj instanceof ScalarDS) {
                ScalarDS sd = (ScalarDS)newObj;
                did         = sd.open();
                if (did >= 0) {
                    try {
                        tid = H5.H5Dget_type(did);
                        if (H5.H5Tequal(tid, HDF5Constants.H5T_STD_REF)) {
                            refDatasets.add(sd);
                        }
                    }
                    catch (Exception ex) {
                        log.debug("updateReferenceDataset(): ScalarDS reference failure: ", ex);
                    }
                    finally {
                        try {
                            H5.H5Tclose(tid);
                        }
                        catch (Exception ex) {
                            log.debug(
                                "updateReferenceDataset(): ScalarDS reference H5Tclose(tid {}) failure: ",
                                tid, ex);
                        }
                    }
                }
                sd.close(did);
            } // (newObj instanceof ScalarDS)
        }

        // Update the references in the scalar datasets in the dest file.
        H5ScalarDS d   = null;
        long sid       = -1;
        int size       = 0;
        int rank       = 0;
        int space_type = -1;
        int n          = refDatasets.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            log.trace(
                "updateReferenceDataset(): Update the references in the scalar datasets in the dest file");
            d           = (H5ScalarDS)refDatasets.get(i);
            byte[] buf  = null;
            long[] refs = null;

            try {
                did = d.open();
                if (did >= 0) {
                    tid        = H5.H5Dget_type(did);
                    sid        = H5.H5Dget_space(did);
                    rank       = H5.H5Sget_simple_extent_ndims(sid);
                    space_type = H5.H5Sget_simple_extent_type(sid);
                    size       = 1;
                    if (rank > 0) {
                        long[] dims = new long[rank];
                        H5.H5Sget_simple_extent_dims(sid, dims, null);
                        log.trace("updateReferenceDataset(): rank={}, dims={}, space_type={}", rank, dims,
                                  space_type);
                        for (int j = 0; j < rank; j++) {
                            size *= (int)dims[j];
                        }
                        dims = null;
                    }

                    buf = new byte[size * 8];
                    H5.H5Dread(did, tid, HDF5Constants.H5S_ALL, HDF5Constants.H5S_ALL,
                               HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT, buf);

                    // update the ref values
                    refs = HDFNativeData.byteToLong(buf);
                    size = refs.length;
                    for (int j = 0; j < size; j++) {
                        long[] theOID = oidMap.get(String.valueOf(refs[j]));
                        if (theOID != null) {
                            refs[j] = theOID[0];
                        }
                    }

                    // write back to file
                    H5.H5Dwrite(did, tid, HDF5Constants.H5S_ALL, HDF5Constants.H5S_ALL,
                                HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT, refs);
                }
                else {
                    log.debug("updateReferenceDataset(): dest file dataset failed to open");
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                log.debug("updateReferenceDataset(): Reference[{}] failure: ", i, ex);
                continue;
            }
            finally {
                try {
                    H5.H5Tclose(tid);
                }
                catch (Exception ex) {
                    log.debug("updateReferenceDataset(): H5ScalarDS reference[{}] H5Tclose(tid {}) failure: ",
                              i, tid, ex);
                }
                try {
                    H5.H5Sclose(sid);
                }
                catch (Exception ex) {
                    log.debug("updateReferenceDataset(): H5ScalarDS reference[{}] H5Sclose(sid {}) failure: ",
                              i, sid, ex);
                }
                try {
                    H5.H5Dclose(did);
                }
                catch (Exception ex) {
                    log.debug("updateReferenceDataset(): H5ScalarDS reference[{}] H5Dclose(did {}) failure: ",
                              i, did, ex);
                }
            }

            refs = null;
            buf  = null;
        } // (int i=0; i<n; i++)
    }

    /***************************************************************************
     * Implementation Class methods. These methods are related to the implementing H5File class, but not to a
     *particular instance of the class. Since we can't override class methods (they can only be shadowed in
     *Java), these are instance methods.
     **************************************************************************/

    /**
     * Returns the version of the HDF5 library.
     *
     * @see hdf.object.FileFormat#getLibversion()
     */
    @Override
    public String getLibversion()
    {
        int[] vers = new int[3];
        String ver = "HDF5 ";

        try {
            H5.H5get_libversion(vers);
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }

        ver += vers[0] + "." + vers[1] + "." + vers[2];
        log.debug("getLibversion(): libversion is {}", ver);

        return ver;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the specified FileFormat instance has the HDF5 format.
     *
     * @see hdf.object.FileFormat#isThisType(hdf.object.FileFormat)
     */
    @Override
    public boolean isThisType(FileFormat theFile)
    {
        return (theFile instanceof H5File);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the specified file has the HDF5 format.
     *
     * @see hdf.object.FileFormat#isThisType(java.lang.String)
     */
    @Override
    public boolean isThisType(String filename)
    {
        boolean isH5 = false;

        try {
            isH5 = H5.H5Fis_hdf5(filename);
        }
        catch (HDF5Exception ex) {
            isH5 = false;
        }

        return isH5;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an HDF5 file with the specified name and returns a new H5File instance associated with the
     * file.
     *
     * @throws Exception
     *             If the file cannot be created or if createFlag has unexpected value.
     *
     * @see hdf.object.FileFormat#createFile(java.lang.String, int)
     * @see #H5File(String, int)
     */
    @Override
    public FileFormat createFile(String filename, int createFlag) throws Exception
    {
        log.trace("createFile(): start: filename={} createFlag={}", filename, createFlag);
        // Flag if we need to create or truncate the file.
        Boolean doCreateFile = true;

        // Won't create or truncate if CREATE_OPEN specified and file exists
        if ((createFlag & FILE_CREATE_OPEN) == FILE_CREATE_OPEN) {
            File f = new File(filename);
            if (f.exists()) {
                doCreateFile = false;
            }
        }
        log.trace("createFile(): doCreateFile={}", doCreateFile);

        if (doCreateFile) {
            long fapl = H5.H5Pcreate(HDF5Constants.H5P_FILE_ACCESS);

            if ((createFlag & FILE_CREATE_EARLY_LIB) == FILE_CREATE_EARLY_LIB) {
                int[] newlibver = getLibBounds();
                H5.H5Pset_libver_bounds(fapl, newlibver[0], newlibver[1]);
            }

            long fileid =
                H5.H5Fcreate(filename, HDF5Constants.H5F_ACC_TRUNC, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT, fapl);
            try {
                H5.H5Pclose(fapl);
                H5.H5Fclose(fileid);
            }
            catch (HDF5Exception ex) {
                log.debug("H5 file, {} failure: ", filename, ex);
            }
        }

        return new H5File(filename, WRITE);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an H5File instance with specified file name and access.
     *
     * @see hdf.object.FileFormat#createInstance(java.lang.String, int)
     * @see #H5File(String, int)
     *
     * @throws Exception
     *            If there is a failure.
     */
    @Override
    public FileFormat createInstance(String filename, int access) throws Exception
    {
        log.trace("createInstance() for {} with {}", filename, access);
        return new H5File(filename, access);
    }

    /***************************************************************************
     * Instance Methods
     *
     * These methods are related to the H5File class and to particular instances of objects with this class
     *type.
     **************************************************************************/

    /**
     * Opens file and returns a file identifier.
     *
     * @see hdf.object.FileFormat#open()
     */
    @Override
    public long open() throws Exception
    {
        return open(true);
    }

    /**
     * Opens file and returns a file identifier.
     *
     * @see hdf.object.FileFormat#open(int...)
     */
    @Override
    public long open(int... indexList) throws Exception
    {
        setIndexType(indexList[0]);
        setIndexOrder(indexList[1]);
        return open(true);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the bounds of new library versions.
     *
     * @param lowStr
     *            The earliest version of the library.
     * @param highStr
     *            The latest version of the library.
     *
     * @throws Exception
     *             If there is an error at the HDF5 library level.
     */
    @Override
    public void setNewLibBounds(String lowStr, String highStr) throws Exception
    {
        int low  = -1;
        int high = -1;

        if (lowStr == null)
            low = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_EARLIEST;
        else if (lowStr.equals("Earliest"))
            low = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_EARLIEST;
        else if (lowStr.equals("V18"))
            low = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V18;
        else if (lowStr.equals("V110"))
            low = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V110;
        else if (lowStr.equals("V112"))
            low = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V112;
        else if (lowStr.equals("V114"))
            low = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V114;
        else if (lowStr.equals("Latest"))
            low = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_LATEST;
        else
            low = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_EARLIEST;

        if (highStr == null)
            high = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_LATEST;
        else if (highStr.equals("V18"))
            high = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V18;
        else if (highStr.equals("V110"))
            high = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V110;
        else if (highStr.equals("V112"))
            high = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V112;
        else if (highStr.equals("V114"))
            high = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V114;
        else if (highStr.equals("Latest"))
            high = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_LATEST;
        else
            high = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_LATEST;
        libver[0] = low;
        libver[1] = high;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the bounds of library versions.
     *
     * @param lowStr
     *            The earliest version of the library.
     * @param highStr
     *            The latest version of the library.
     *
     * @throws Exception
     *             If there is an error at the HDF5 library level.
     */
    @Override
    public void setLibBounds(String lowStr, String highStr) throws Exception
    {
        long fapl = HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT;

        if (fid < 0)
            return;

        fapl = H5.H5Fget_access_plist(fid);

        try {
            int low  = -1;
            int high = -1;

            if (lowStr == null)
                low = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_EARLIEST;
            else if (lowStr.equals("Earliest"))
                low = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_EARLIEST;
            else if (lowStr.equals("V18"))
                low = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V18;
            else if (lowStr.equals("V110"))
                low = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V110;
            else if (lowStr.equals("V112"))
                low = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V112;
            else if (lowStr.equals("V114"))
                low = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V114;
            else if (lowStr.equals("Latest"))
                low = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_LATEST;
            else
                low = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_EARLIEST;

            if (highStr == null)
                high = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_LATEST;
            else if (highStr.equals("V18"))
                high = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V18;
            else if (highStr.equals("V110"))
                high = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V110;
            else if (highStr.equals("V112"))
                high = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V112;
            else if (highStr.equals("V114"))
                high = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V114;
            else if (highStr.equals("Latest"))
                high = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_LATEST;
            else
                high = HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_LATEST;

            H5.H5Pset_libver_bounds(fapl, low, high);
            H5.H5Pget_libver_bounds(fapl, libver);
        }
        finally {
            try {
                H5.H5Pclose(fapl);
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                log.debug("setLibBounds(): libver bounds H5Pclose(fapl {}) failure: ", fapl, e);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Gets the bounds of library versions.
     *
     * @return libver The earliest and latest version of the library.
     *
     * @throws Exception
     *             If there is an error at the HDF5 library level.
     */
    @Override
    public int[] getLibBounds() throws Exception
    {
        if (libver.length == 0)
            initLibBounds();
        return libver;
    }

    /**
     * Initialize the bounds of library versions
     *
     * @throws Exception
     *             The exceptions thrown vary depending on the implementing class.
     */
    @Override
    public void initLibBounds() throws Exception
    {
        if (fid >= 0) {
            /* Get the file's file access property list */
            long fapl = H5.H5Fget_access_plist(fid);
            /* Get library format */
            H5.H5Pget_libver_bounds(fapl, libver);
            /* Close FAPL */
            H5.H5Pclose(fapl);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Gets the bounds of library versions as text.
     *
     * @return libversion The earliest and latest version of the library.
     */
    @Override
    public String getLibBoundsDescription()
    {
        String libversion = "";

        if (libver[0] == HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_EARLIEST)
            libversion = "Earliest and ";
        else if (libver[0] == HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V18)
            libversion = "V18 and ";
        else if (libver[0] == HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V110)
            libversion = "V110 and ";
        else if (libver[0] == HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V112)
            libversion = "V112 and ";
        else if (libver[0] == HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V114)
            libversion = "V114 and ";
        else if (libver[0] == HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_LATEST)
            libversion = "Latest and ";

        if (libver[1] == HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_EARLIEST)
            libversion += "Earliest";
        else if (libver[1] == HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V18)
            libversion += "V18";
        else if (libver[1] == HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V110)
            libversion += "V110";
        else if (libver[1] == HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V112)
            libversion += "V112";
        else if (libver[1] == HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_V114)
            libversion += "V114";
        else if (libver[1] == HDF5Constants.H5F_LIBVER_LATEST)
            libversion += "Latest";
        return libversion;
    }

    /**
     * Closes file associated with this H5File instance.
     *
     * @see hdf.object.FileFormat#close()
     *
     * @throws HDF5Exception
     *             If there is an error at the HDF5 library level.
     */
    @Override
    public void close() throws HDF5Exception
    {
        if (fid < 0) {
            log.debug("close(): file {} is not open", fullFileName);
            return;
        }
        // The current working directory may be changed at Dataset.read()
        // by System.setProperty("user.dir", newdir) to make it work for external
        // datasets. We need to set it back to the original current working
        // directory (when hdf-java application started) before the file
        // is closed/opened. Otherwise, relative path, e.g. "./test.h5" may
        // not work
        String rootPath = System.getProperty("hdfview.workdir");
        if (rootPath == null) {
            rootPath = System.getProperty("user.dir");
        }
        System.setProperty("user.dir", rootPath); // H5.H5Dchdir_ext(rootPath);

        // clean up unused objects
        if (rootObject != null) {
            HObject theObj       = null;
            Iterator<HObject> it = getMembersBreadthFirst(rootObject).iterator();
            while (it.hasNext()) {
                theObj = it.next();

                if (theObj instanceof Dataset) {
                    log.trace("close(): clear Dataset {}", ((Dataset)theObj).toString());
                    ((Dataset)theObj).clear();
                }
                else if (theObj instanceof Group) {
                    log.trace("close(): clear Group {}", ((Group)theObj).toString());
                    ((Group)theObj).clear();
                }
            }
        }

        // Close all open objects associated with this file.
        try {
            int type = -1;
            long[] objids;
            long n = H5.H5Fget_obj_count(fid, HDF5Constants.H5F_OBJ_ALL);
            log.trace("close(): open objects={}", n);

            if (n > 0) {
                if (n < Integer.MIN_VALUE || n > Integer.MAX_VALUE)
                    throw new Exception("Invalid int size");

                objids = new long[(int)n];
                H5.H5Fget_obj_ids(fid, HDF5Constants.H5F_OBJ_ALL, n, objids);

                for (int i = 0; i < (int)n; i++) {
                    log.trace("close(): object[{}] id={}", i, objids[i]);
                    type = H5.H5Iget_type(objids[i]);

                    if (HDF5Constants.H5I_DATASET == type) {
                        try {
                            H5.H5Dclose(objids[i]);
                        }
                        catch (Exception ex2) {
                            log.debug("close(): Object[{}] H5Dclose(objids[{}] {}) failure: ", i, i,
                                      objids[i], ex2);
                        }
                    }
                    else if (HDF5Constants.H5I_GROUP == type) {
                        try {
                            H5.H5Gclose(objids[i]);
                        }
                        catch (Exception ex2) {
                            log.debug("close(): Object[{}] H5Gclose(objids[{}] {}) failure: ", i, i,
                                      objids[i], ex2);
                        }
                    }
                    else if (HDF5Constants.H5I_DATATYPE == type) {
                        try {
                            H5.H5Tclose(objids[i]);
                        }
                        catch (Exception ex2) {
                            log.debug("close(): Object[{}] H5Tclose(objids[{}] {}) failure: ", i, i,
                                      objids[i], ex2);
                        }
                    }
                    else if (HDF5Constants.H5I_ATTR == type) {
                        try {
                            H5.H5Aclose(objids[i]);
                        }
                        catch (Exception ex2) {
                            log.debug("close(): Object[{}] H5Aclose(objids[{}] {}) failure: ", i, i,
                                      objids[i], ex2);
                        }
                    }
                    else if (HDF5Constants.H5I_FILE == type) {
                        int file_ref = H5.H5Iget_ref(objids[i]);
                        log.debug("close(): Object[{}] objids[{}] is type File with ref count of {}", i, i,
                                  file_ref);
                    }
                    else {
                        log.debug("close(): Object[{}] objids[{}] is type {}", i, i, type);
                    }
                } // (int i=0; i<n; i++)
            }     // ( n>0)
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            log.debug("close(): failure: ", ex);
        }

        try {
            H5.H5Fflush(fid, HDF5Constants.H5F_SCOPE_GLOBAL);
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            log.debug("close(): H5Fflush(fid {}) failure: ", fid, ex);
        }

        try {
            H5.H5Fclose(fid);
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            log.debug("close(): H5Fclose(fid {}) failure: ", fid, ex);
        }

        // Set fid to -1 but don't reset rootObject
        fid = -1;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the root object of the open HDF5 File.
     *
     * @see hdf.object.FileFormat#getRootObject()
     */
    @Override
    public HObject getRootObject()
    {
        return rootObject;
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     *
     * @see hdf.object.FileFormat#get(java.lang.String)
     */
    @Override
    public HObject get(String path) throws Exception
    {
        log.trace("get({}): start", path);
        HObject obj = null;

        if ((path == null) || (path.length() <= 0)) {
            log.debug("get(): path is null or invalid path length");
            System.err.println("(path == null) || (path.length() <= 0)");
            return null;
        }

        // replace the wrong slash and get rid of "//"
        path = path.replace('\\', '/');
        path = "/" + path;
        path = path.replaceAll("//", "/");

        // the whole file tree is loaded. find the object in the tree
        if (rootObject != null) {
            obj = findObject(this, path);
        }

        // found object in memory
        if (obj != null) {
            log.trace("get(): Found object in memory");
            return obj;
        }

        // open only the requested object
        String name  = null;
        String pPath = null;
        if (path.equals("/")) {
            name = "/"; // the root
        }
        else {
            // separate the parent path and the object name
            if (path.endsWith("/")) {
                path = path.substring(0, path.length() - 1);
            }

            int idx = path.lastIndexOf('/');
            name    = path.substring(idx + 1);
            if (idx == 0) {
                pPath = "/";
            }
            else {
                pPath = path.substring(0, idx);
            }
        }

        // do not open the full tree structure, only the file handler
        long fid_before_open = fid;
        fid                  = open(false);
        if (fid < 0) {
            log.debug("get(): Invalid FID");
            System.err.println("Could not open file handler");
            return null;
        }

        try {
            H5O_info_t info;
            int objType;
            long objid = H5.H5Oopen(fid, path, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);

            if (objid >= 0) {
                info    = H5.H5Oget_info(objid);
                objType = info.type;
                if (objType == HDF5Constants.H5O_TYPE_DATASET) {
                    long did = -1;
                    try {
                        did = H5.H5Dopen(fid, path, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
                        obj = getDataset(did, name, pPath);
                    }
                    finally {
                        try {
                            H5.H5Dclose(did);
                        }
                        catch (Exception ex) {
                            log.debug("get(): {} H5Dclose(did {}) failure: ", path, did, ex);
                        }
                    }
                }
                else if (objType == HDF5Constants.H5O_TYPE_GROUP) {
                    long gid = -1;
                    try {
                        gid            = H5.H5Gopen(fid, path, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
                        H5Group pGroup = null;
                        if (pPath != null) {
                            pGroup = new H5Group(this, null, pPath, null);
                            obj    = getGroup(gid, name, pGroup);
                            pGroup.addToMemberList(obj);
                        }
                        else {
                            obj = getGroup(gid, name, pGroup);
                        }
                    }
                    finally {
                        try {
                            H5.H5Gclose(gid);
                        }
                        catch (Exception ex) {
                            log.debug("get(): {} H5Gclose(gid {}) failure: ", path, gid, ex);
                        }
                    }
                }
                else if (objType == HDF5Constants.H5O_TYPE_NAMED_DATATYPE) {
                    obj = new H5Datatype(this, name, pPath);
                }
            }
            try {
                H5.H5Oclose(objid);
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                log.debug("get(): H5Oclose(objid {}) failure: ", objid, ex);
                ex.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            log.debug("get(): Exception finding obj {}", path, ex);
            obj = null;
        }
        finally {
            if ((fid_before_open <= 0) && (obj == null)) {
                // close the fid that is not attached to any object
                try {
                    H5.H5Fclose(fid);
                }
                catch (Exception ex) {
                    log.debug("get(): {} H5Fclose(fid {}) failure: ", path, fid, ex);
                }
                fid = fid_before_open;
            }
        }

        return obj;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a named datatype in a file.
     *
     * The following code creates a named datatype in a file.
     *
     * <pre>
     * H5File file = (H5File) h5file.createInstance(&quot;test_hdf5.h5&quot;, FileFormat.WRITE);
     * Datatype dtype = file.createDatatype(
     *                             Datatype.CLASS_INTEGER,
     *                             4,
     *                             Datatype.NATIVE,
     *                             Datatype.NATIVE,
     *                             basetype);
     * H5Datatype h5dtype = file.createNamedDatatype(
     *                             dtype,
     *                             null,
     *                             &quot;Native Integer&quot;);
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param tnative
     *            native datatype previously created
     * @param name
     *            name of the datatype to create, e.g. "Native Integer".
     * @return The new datatype if successful; otherwise returns null.
     * @throws Exception
     *             The exceptions thrown vary depending on the implementing class.
     */
    @Override
    public Datatype createNamedDatatype(Datatype tnative, String name) throws Exception
    {
        log.trace("createNamedDatatype(): start: name={}", name);

        H5Datatype dtype = null;

        if (name != null) {
            long tid = -1;
            log.trace("createNamedDatatype(): name={}", name);
            try {
                tnative.setFullname(name, null);
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                log.debug("createNamedDatatype():setName(): {} failure: {}", name, ex.getMessage());
            }
            try {
                if ((tid = tnative.createNative()) < 0) {
                    log.debug("createNamedDatatype(): createNative() failure");
                    throw new Exception("createNative() failed");
                }
                log.trace("createNamedDatatype(): createNative gets id={}", tid);

                H5.H5Tcommit(fid, name, tid, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT,
                             HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);

                int nativeClass = H5.H5Tget_class(tid);
                if (nativeClass == HDF5Constants.H5T_REFERENCE)
                    dtype = new H5ReferenceType(this, name, null);
                else
                    dtype = new H5Datatype(this, name, null);
            }
            finally {
                H5.H5Tclose(tid);
            }
        }
        else {
            dtype = (H5Datatype)tnative;
        }

        return dtype;
    }

    /***************************************************************************
     * Methods related to Datatypes and HObjects in HDF5 Files. Strictly speaking, these methods aren't
     *related to H5File and the actions could be carried out through the H5Group, H5Datatype and H5*DS
     *classes. But, in some cases they allow a null input and expect the generated object to be of HDF5 type.
     *So, we put them in the H5File class so that we create the proper type of HObject... H5Group for example.
     *
     * Here again, if there could be Implementation Class methods we'd use those. But, since we can't override
     *class methods (they can only be shadowed in Java), these are instance methods.
     *
     **************************************************************************/

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     *
     * @see hdf.object.FileFormat#createDatatype(int, int, int, int)
     */
    @Override
    public Datatype createDatatype(int tclass, int tsize, int torder, int tsign) throws Exception
    {
        return new H5Datatype(tclass, tsize, torder, tsign);
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     *
     * @see hdf.object.FileFormat#createDatatype(int, int, int, int, Datatype)
     */
    @Override
    public Datatype createDatatype(int tclass, int tsize, int torder, int tsign, Datatype tbase)
        throws Exception
    {
        return new H5Datatype(tclass, tsize, torder, tsign, tbase);
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     *
     * @see hdf.object.FileFormat#createScalarDS(java.lang.String, hdf.object.Group, hdf.object.Datatype,
     * long[], long[], long[], int, java.lang.Object)
     */
    @Override
    public Dataset createScalarDS(String name, Group pgroup, Datatype type, long[] dims, long[] maxdims,
                                  long[] chunks, int gzip, Object fillValue, Object data) throws Exception
    {
        log.trace("createScalarDS(): name={}", name);
        // create new dataset at the root group by default
        if (pgroup == null)
            pgroup = (Group)get("/");

        return H5ScalarDS.create(name, pgroup, type, dims, maxdims, chunks, gzip, fillValue, data);
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     *
     * @see hdf.object.FileFormat#createCompoundDS(java.lang.String, hdf.object.Group, long[], long[], long[],
     * int, java.lang.String[], hdf.object.Datatype[], int[], java.lang.Object)
     */
    @Override
    public Dataset createCompoundDS(String name, Group pgroup, long[] dims, long[] maxdims, long[] chunks,
                                    int gzip, String[] memberNames, Datatype[] memberDatatypes,
                                    int[] memberSizes, Object data) throws Exception
    {
        log.trace("createCompoundDS(): start: name={}", name);
        int nMembers        = memberNames.length;
        int memberRanks[]   = new int[nMembers];
        long memberDims[][] = new long[nMembers][1];
        Dataset ds          = null;

        for (int i = 0; i < nMembers; i++) {
            memberRanks[i] = 1;
            if (memberSizes == null)
                memberDims[i][0] = 1;
            else
                memberDims[i][0] = memberSizes[i];
        }

        // create new dataset at the root group by default
        if (pgroup == null)
            pgroup = (Group)get("/");
        ds = H5CompoundDS.create(name, pgroup, dims, maxdims, chunks, gzip, memberNames, memberDatatypes,
                                 memberRanks, memberDims, data);

        return ds;
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     *
     * @see hdf.object.FileFormat#createImage(java.lang.String, hdf.object.Group, hdf.object.Datatype,
     * long[], long[], long[], int, int, int, java.lang.Object)
     */
    @Override
    public Dataset createImage(String name, Group pgroup, Datatype type, long[] dims, long[] maxdims,
                               long[] chunks, int gzip, int ncomp, int interlace, Object data)
        throws Exception
    {
        log.trace("createImage(): start: name={}", name);
        // create at the root group by default
        if (pgroup == null)
            pgroup = (Group)get("/");

        H5ScalarDS dataset =
            (H5ScalarDS)H5ScalarDS.create(name, pgroup, type, dims, maxdims, chunks, gzip, data);

        try {
            H5File.createImageAttributes(dataset, interlace);
            dataset.setIsImage(true);
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            log.debug("createImage(): {} createImageAttributtes failure: ", name, ex);
        }

        return dataset;
    }

    /***
     * Creates a new group with specified name in existing group.
     *
     * @see hdf.object.FileFormat#createGroup(java.lang.String, hdf.object.Group)
     */
    @Override
    public Group createGroup(String name, Group pgroup) throws Exception
    {
        return this.createGroup(name, pgroup, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
    }

    /***
     * Creates a new group with specified name in existing group and with the group creation properties list,
     * gplist.
     *
     * @see hdf.object.h5.H5Group#create(java.lang.String, hdf.object.Group, long...)
     *
     */
    @Override
    public Group createGroup(String name, Group pgroup, long... gplist) throws Exception
    {
        // create new group at the root
        if (pgroup == null)
            pgroup = (Group)this.get("/");

        return H5Group.create(name, pgroup, gplist);
    }

    /***
     * Creates the group creation property list identifier, gcpl. This identifier is used when creating
     * Groups.
     *
     * @see hdf.object.FileFormat#createGcpl(int, int, int)
     *
     */
    @Override
    public long createGcpl(int creationorder, int maxcompact, int mindense) throws Exception
    {
        long gcpl = -1;
        try {
            gcpl = H5.H5Pcreate(HDF5Constants.H5P_GROUP_CREATE);
            if (gcpl >= 0) {
                // Set link creation order.
                if (creationorder == Group.CRT_ORDER_TRACKED) {
                    log.trace("createGcpl(): creation order ORDER_TRACKED");
                    H5.H5Pset_link_creation_order(gcpl, HDF5Constants.H5P_CRT_ORDER_TRACKED);
                }
                else if (creationorder == Group.CRT_ORDER_INDEXED) {
                    log.trace("createGcpl(): creation order ORDER_INDEXED");
                    H5.H5Pset_link_creation_order(gcpl, HDF5Constants.H5P_CRT_ORDER_TRACKED +
                                                            HDF5Constants.H5P_CRT_ORDER_INDEXED);
                }
                // Set link storage.
                H5.H5Pset_link_phase_change(gcpl, maxcompact, mindense);
            }
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            log.debug("createGcpl(): failure: ", ex);
            ex.printStackTrace();
        }

        return gcpl;
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     *
     * @see hdf.object.FileFormat#createLink(hdf.object.Group, java.lang.String, hdf.object.HObject)
     */
    @Override
    public HObject createLink(Group parentGroup, String name, Object currentObj) throws Exception
    {
        if (currentObj instanceof HObject)
            return this.createLink(parentGroup, name, (HObject)currentObj, Group.LINK_TYPE_HARD);
        else if (currentObj instanceof String)
            return this.createLink(parentGroup, name, (String)currentObj, Group.LINK_TYPE_HARD);

        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a link to an object in the open file.
     *
     * If parentGroup is null, the new link is created in the root group.
     *
     * @param parentGroup
     *            The group where the link is created.
     * @param name
     *            The name of the link.
     * @param currentObj
     *            The existing object the new link will reference.
     * @param lType
     *            The type of link to be created. It can be a hard link, a soft link or an external link.
     *
     * @return The object pointed to by the new link if successful; otherwise returns null.
     *
     * @throws Exception
     *             The exceptions thrown vary depending on the implementing class.
     */
    @Override
    public HObject createLink(Group parentGroup, String name, HObject currentObj, int lType) throws Exception
    {
        log.trace("createLink(): start: name={}", name);
        HObject obj              = null;
        int type                 = 0;
        String current_full_name = null;
        String new_full_name     = null;
        String parent_path       = null;

        if (currentObj == null) {
            log.debug("createLink(): Link target is null");
            throw new HDF5Exception("The object pointed to by the link cannot be null.");
        }
        if ((parentGroup == null) || parentGroup.isRoot())
            parent_path = HObject.SEPARATOR;
        else
            parent_path =
                parentGroup.getPath() + HObject.SEPARATOR + parentGroup.getName() + HObject.SEPARATOR;

        new_full_name = parent_path + name;

        if (lType == Group.LINK_TYPE_HARD) {
            type = HDF5Constants.H5L_TYPE_HARD;
            log.trace("createLink(): type H5L_TYPE_HARD");
        }
        else if (lType == Group.LINK_TYPE_SOFT) {
            type = HDF5Constants.H5L_TYPE_SOFT;
            log.trace("createLink(): type H5L_TYPE_SOFT");
        }
        else if (lType == Group.LINK_TYPE_EXTERNAL) {
            type = HDF5Constants.H5L_TYPE_EXTERNAL;
            log.trace("createLink(): type H5L_TYPE_EXTERNAL");
        }

        if (H5.H5Lexists(fid, new_full_name, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT)) {
            H5.H5Ldelete(fid, new_full_name, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
        }

        if (type == HDF5Constants.H5L_TYPE_HARD) {
            if ((currentObj instanceof Group) && ((Group)currentObj).isRoot()) {
                log.debug("createLink(): cannot create link to root group");
                throw new HDF5Exception("Cannot make a link to the root group.");
            }
            current_full_name = currentObj.getPath() + HObject.SEPARATOR + currentObj.getName();

            H5.H5Lcreate_hard(fid, current_full_name, fid, new_full_name, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT,
                              HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
        }

        else if (type == HDF5Constants.H5L_TYPE_SOFT) {
            log.trace("createLink(): H5Lcreate_soft: {} in {} as {}", currentObj.getFullName(), fid,
                      new_full_name);
            H5.H5Lcreate_soft(currentObj.getFullName(), fid, new_full_name, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT,
                              HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
        }

        else if (type == HDF5Constants.H5L_TYPE_EXTERNAL) {
            log.trace("createLink(): H5Lcreate_external: File={} {} in {} as {}", currentObj.getFile(),
                      currentObj.getFullName(), fid, new_full_name);
            H5.H5Lcreate_external(currentObj.getFile(), currentObj.getFullName(), fid, new_full_name,
                                  HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
        }

        if (currentObj instanceof Group) {
            log.trace("createLink(): Link target is type H5Group");
            obj = new H5Group(this, name, parent_path, parentGroup);
        }
        else if (currentObj instanceof H5ReferenceType) {
            log.trace("createLink(): Link target is type H5Datatype");
            obj = new H5ReferenceType(this, name, parent_path);
        }
        else if (currentObj instanceof H5Datatype) {
            log.trace("createLink(): Link target is type H5Datatype");
            obj = new H5Datatype(this, name, parent_path);
        }
        else if (currentObj instanceof H5CompoundDS) {
            log.trace("createLink(): Link target is type H5CompoundDS");
            obj = new H5CompoundDS(this, name, parent_path);
        }
        else if (currentObj instanceof H5ScalarDS) {
            log.trace("createLink(): Link target is type H5ScalarDS");
            obj = new H5ScalarDS(this, name, parent_path);
        }
        else
            log.trace("createLink(): Link target is type unknown");

        return obj;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a soft or external link to object in a file that does not exist at the time the link is
     * created.
     *
     * @param parentGroup
     *            The group where the link is created.
     * @param name
     *            The name of the link.
     * @param currentObj
     *            The name of the object the new link will reference. The object doesn't have to exist.
     * @param lType
     *            The type of link to be created.
     *
     * @return The H5Link object pointed to by the new link if successful; otherwise returns null.
     *
     * @throws Exception
     *             The exceptions thrown vary depending on the implementing class.
     */
    @Override
    public HObject createLink(Group parentGroup, String name, String currentObj, int lType) throws Exception
    {
        log.trace("createLink(): start: name={}", name);
        HObject obj          = null;
        int type             = 0;
        String new_full_name = null;
        String parent_path   = null;

        if (currentObj == null) {
            log.debug("createLink(): Link target is null");
            throw new HDF5Exception("The object pointed to by the link cannot be null.");
        }
        if ((parentGroup == null) || parentGroup.isRoot())
            parent_path = HObject.SEPARATOR;
        else
            parent_path =
                parentGroup.getPath() + HObject.SEPARATOR + parentGroup.getName() + HObject.SEPARATOR;

        new_full_name = parent_path + name;

        if (lType == Group.LINK_TYPE_HARD) {
            type = HDF5Constants.H5L_TYPE_HARD;
            log.trace("createLink(): type H5L_TYPE_HARD");
        }
        else if (lType == Group.LINK_TYPE_SOFT) {
            type = HDF5Constants.H5L_TYPE_SOFT;
            log.trace("createLink(): type H5L_TYPE_SOFT");
        }
        else if (lType == Group.LINK_TYPE_EXTERNAL) {
            type = HDF5Constants.H5L_TYPE_EXTERNAL;
            log.trace("createLink(): type H5L_TYPE_EXTERNAL");
        }

        if (H5.H5Lexists(fid, new_full_name, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT)) {
            H5.H5Ldelete(fid, new_full_name, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
        }

        if (type == HDF5Constants.H5L_TYPE_SOFT) {
            H5.H5Lcreate_soft(currentObj, fid, new_full_name, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT,
                              HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
        }

        else if (type == HDF5Constants.H5L_TYPE_EXTERNAL) {
            String fileName   = null;
            String objectName = null;

            // separate the object name and the file name
            fileName   = currentObj.substring(0, currentObj.lastIndexOf(FileFormat.FILE_OBJ_SEP));
            objectName = currentObj.substring(currentObj.indexOf(FileFormat.FILE_OBJ_SEP));
            objectName = objectName.substring(3);

            H5.H5Lcreate_external(fileName, objectName, fid, new_full_name, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT,
                                  HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
        }

        if (name.startsWith(HObject.SEPARATOR)) {
            name = name.substring(1);
        }
        obj = new H5Link(this, name, parent_path);

        return obj;
    }

    /**
     * reload the sub-tree structure from file.
     *
     * reloadTree(Group g) is useful when the structure of the group in file is changed while the group
     * structure in memory is not changed.
     *
     * @param g
     *            the group where the structure is to be reloaded in memory
     */
    public void reloadTree(Group g)
    {
        if (fid < 0 || rootObject == null || g == null) {
            log.debug("reloadTree(): Invalid fid or null object");
            return;
        }

        depth_first(g, Integer.MIN_VALUE);
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc) NOTE: Object references are copied but not updated by this method.
     *
     * @see hdf.object.FileFormat#copy(hdf.object.HObject, hdf.object.Group, java.lang.String)
     */
    @Override
    public HObject copy(HObject srcObj, Group dstGroup, String dstName) throws Exception
    {
        log.trace("copy(): start: srcObj={} dstGroup={} dstName={}", srcObj, dstGroup, dstName);
        if ((srcObj == null) || (dstGroup == null)) {
            log.debug("copy(): srcObj or dstGroup is null");
            return null;
        }

        if (dstName == null)
            dstName = srcObj.getName();

        List<HObject> members = dstGroup.getMemberList();
        int n                 = members.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            HObject obj = members.get(i);
            String name = obj.getName();
            while (name.equals(dstName))
                dstName += "~copy";
        }

        HObject newObj = null;
        if (srcObj instanceof Dataset) {
            log.trace("copy(): srcObj instanceof Dataset");
            newObj = copyDataset((Dataset)srcObj, (H5Group)dstGroup, dstName);
        }
        else if (srcObj instanceof H5Group) {
            log.trace("copy(): srcObj instanceof H5Group");
            newObj = copyGroup((H5Group)srcObj, (H5Group)dstGroup, dstName);
        }
        else if (srcObj instanceof H5Datatype) {
            log.trace("copy(): srcObj instanceof H5Datatype");
            newObj = copyDatatype((H5Datatype)srcObj, (H5Group)dstGroup, dstName);
        }

        return newObj;
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     *
     * @see hdf.object.FileFormat#delete(hdf.object.HObject)
     */
    @Override
    public void delete(HObject obj)throws Exception
    {
        if ((obj == null) || (fid < 0)) {
            log.debug("delete(): Invalid FID or object is null");
            return;
        }

        String name = obj.getPath() + obj.getName();

        H5.H5Ldelete(fid, name, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
    }

    /*
     * (non-Javadoc)
     *
     * @see hdf.object.FileFormat#writeAttribute(hdf.object.HObject, hdf.object.Attribute, boolean)
     */
    @Override
    public void writeAttribute(HObject obj, Attribute attr, boolean attrExisted) throws HDF5Exception
    {
        String obj_name = obj.getFullName();
        String name     = attr.getAttributeName();
        long tid        = -1;
        long sid        = -1;
        long aid        = -1;
        log.trace("writeAttribute(): name is {}", name);

        long objID = obj.open();
        if (objID < 0) {
            log.debug("writeAttribute(): Invalid Object ID");
            return;
        }

        if ((tid = attr.getAttributeDatatype().createNative()) >= 0) {
            log.trace("writeAttribute(): tid {} from toNative :{}", tid,
                      attr.getAttributeDatatype().getDescription());
            try {
                if (attr.isAttributeNULL())
                    sid = H5.H5Screate(HDF5Constants.H5S_NULL);
                else if (attr.isAttributeScalar())
                    sid = H5.H5Screate(HDF5Constants.H5S_SCALAR);
                else
                    sid = H5.H5Screate_simple(attr.getAttributeRank(), attr.getAttributeDims(), null);

                if (attrExisted)
                    aid = H5.H5Aopen_by_name(objID, obj_name, name, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT,
                                             HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
                else
                    aid = H5.H5Acreate(objID, name, tid, sid, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT,
                                       HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
                log.trace("writeAttribute(): aid {} opened/created", aid);

                if (!attr.isAttributeNULL()) {
                    // update value of the attribute
                    Object attrValue;
                    try {
                        attrValue = attr.getAttributeData();
                    }
                    catch (Exception ex) {
                        attrValue = null;
                        log.trace("writeAttribute(): getAttributeData() failure:", ex);
                    }

                    // log.trace("writeAttribute(): attrValue={}", attrValue);
                    if (attrValue != null) {
                        try {
                            ((H5Attribute)attr).AttributeCommonIO(aid, H5File.IO_TYPE.WRITE, attrValue);
                        }
                        catch (Exception ex) {
                            log.debug("writeAttribute(): failed to write attribute: ", ex);
                        }
                    } // (attrValue != null)
                }
            }
            finally {
                try {
                    H5.H5Tclose(tid);
                }
                catch (Exception ex) {
                    log.debug("writeAttribute(): H5Tclose(tid {}) failure: ", tid, ex);
                }
                try {
                    H5.H5Sclose(sid);
                }
                catch (Exception ex) {
                    log.debug("writeAttribute(): H5Sclose(sid {}) failure: ", sid, ex);
                }
                try {
                    H5.H5Aclose(aid);
                }
                catch (Exception ex) {
                    log.debug("writeAttribute(): H5Aclose(aid {}) failure: ", aid, ex);
                }
            }
        }
        else {
            log.debug("writeAttribute(): toNative failure");
        }

        obj.close(objID);
    }

    /***************************************************************************
     * Implementations for methods specific to H5File
     **************************************************************************/

    /**
     * Opens a file with specific file access property list.
     *
     * This function does the same as "long open()" except the you can also pass an HDF5 file access property
     * to file open. For example,
     *
     * <pre>
     * // All open objects remaining in the file are closed then file is closed
     * long plist = H5.H5Pcreate(HDF5Constants.H5P_FILE_ACCESS);
     * H5.H5Pset_fclose_degree(plist, HDF5Constants.H5F_CLOSE_STRONG);
     * long fid = open(plist);
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param plist
     *            a file access property list identifier.
     *
     * @return the file identifier if successful; otherwise returns negative value.
     *
     * @throws Exception
     *            If there is a failure.
     */
    public long open(long plist) throws Exception { return open(true, plist); }

    /***************************************************************************
     * Private methods.
     **************************************************************************/

    /**
     * Opens access to this file.
     *
     * @param loadFullHierarchy
     *            if true, load the full hierarchy into memory; otherwise just opens the file identifier.
     *
     * @return the file identifier if successful; otherwise returns negative value.
     *
     * @throws Exception
     *            If there is a failure.
     */
    private long open(boolean loadFullHierarchy) throws Exception
    {
        long the_fid = -1;

        long plist = HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT;

        // BUG: HDF5Constants.H5F_CLOSE_STRONG does not flush cache
        /**
         * try { //All open objects remaining in the file are closed // then file is closed plist =
         * H5.H5Pcreate (HDF5Constants.H5P_FILE_ACCESS); H5.H5Pset_fclose_degree ( plist,
         * HDF5Constants.H5F_CLOSE_STRONG); } catch (Exception ex) {} the_fid = open(loadFullHierarchy,
         * plist); try { H5.H5Pclose(plist); } catch (Exception ex) {}
         */

        log.trace("open(): loadFull={}", loadFullHierarchy);
        the_fid = open(loadFullHierarchy, plist);

        return the_fid;
    }

    /**
     * Opens access to this file.
     *
     * @param loadFullHierarchy
     *            if true, load the full hierarchy into memory; otherwise just opens the file identifier.
     *
     * @return the file identifier if successful; otherwise returns negative value.
     *
     * @throws Exception
     *            If there is a failure.
     */
    private long open(boolean loadFullHierarchy, long plist) throws Exception
    {
        log.trace("open(loadFullHierarchy = {}, plist = {}): start", loadFullHierarchy, plist);
        if (fid > 0) {
            log.trace("open(): FID already opened");
            return fid; // file is opened already
        }

        // The cwd may be changed at Dataset.read() by System.setProperty("user.dir", newdir)
        // to make it work for external datasets. We need to set it back
        // before the file is closed/opened.
        String rootPath = System.getProperty("hdfview.workdir");
        if (rootPath == null) {
            rootPath = System.getProperty("user.dir");
        }
        System.setProperty("user.dir", rootPath);

        log.trace("open(): flag={}", flag);
        // check for valid file access permission
        if (flag < 0) {
            log.debug("open(): Invalid access identifier -- " + flag);
            throw new HDF5Exception("Invalid access identifer -- " + flag);
        }
        else if (HDF5Constants.H5F_ACC_CREAT == flag) {
            // create a new file
            log.trace("open(): create file");
            fid = H5.H5Fcreate(fullFileName, HDF5Constants.H5F_ACC_TRUNC, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT,
                               HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
            H5.H5Fflush(fid, HDF5Constants.H5F_SCOPE_LOCAL);
            H5.H5Fclose(fid);
            flag = HDF5Constants.H5F_ACC_RDWR;
        }
        else if (!exists()) {
            log.debug("open(): File {} does not exist", fullFileName);
            throw new HDF5Exception("File does not exist -- " + fullFileName);
        }
        else if (((flag == HDF5Constants.H5F_ACC_RDWR) || (flag == HDF5Constants.H5F_ACC_CREAT)) &&
                 !canWrite()) {
            log.debug("open(): Cannot write file {}", fullFileName);
            throw new HDF5Exception("Cannot write file, try opening as read-only -- " + fullFileName);
        }
        else if ((flag == HDF5Constants.H5F_ACC_RDONLY) && !canRead()) {
            log.debug("open(): Cannot read file {}", fullFileName);
            throw new HDF5Exception("Cannot read file -- " + fullFileName);
        }

        try {
            fid = H5.H5Fopen(fullFileName, flag, plist);
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            try {
                log.debug("open(): open failed, attempting to open file read-only", ex);
                fid = H5.H5Fopen(fullFileName, HDF5Constants.H5F_ACC_RDONLY, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
                isReadOnly = true;
            }
            catch (Exception ex2) {
                // Attempt to open the file as a split file or family file
                try {
                    File tmpf      = new File(fullFileName);
                    String tmpname = tmpf.getName();
                    int idx        = tmpname.lastIndexOf('.');

                    if (tmpname.contains("-m")) {
                        log.debug("open(): open read-only failed, attempting to open split file");

                        while (idx > 0) {
                            char c = tmpname.charAt(idx - 1);
                            if (c != '-')
                                idx--;
                            else
                                break;
                        }

                        if (idx > 0) {
                            tmpname = tmpname.substring(0, idx - 1);
                            log.trace("open(): attempting to open split file with name {}", tmpname);
                            long pid = H5.H5Pcreate(HDF5Constants.H5P_FILE_ACCESS);
                            H5.H5Pset_fapl_split(pid, "-m.h5", HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT, "-r.h5",
                                                 HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
                            fid = H5.H5Fopen(tmpf.getParent() + File.separator + tmpname, flag, pid);
                            H5.H5Pclose(pid);
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        log.debug("open(): open read-only failed, checking for file family");
                        // try to see if it is a file family, always open a family file
                        // from the first one since other files will not be recognized
                        // as an HDF5 file
                        int cnt = idx;
                        while (idx > 0) {
                            char c = tmpname.charAt(idx - 1);
                            if (Character.isDigit(c))
                                idx--;
                            else
                                break;
                        }

                        if (idx > 0) {
                            cnt -= idx;
                            tmpname = tmpname.substring(0, idx) + "%0" + cnt + "d" +
                                      tmpname.substring(tmpname.lastIndexOf('.'));
                            log.trace("open(): attempting to open file family with name {}", tmpname);
                            long pid = H5.H5Pcreate(HDF5Constants.H5P_FILE_ACCESS);
                            H5.H5Pset_fapl_family(pid, 0, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
                            fid = H5.H5Fopen(tmpf.getParent() + File.separator + tmpname, flag, pid);
                            H5.H5Pclose(pid);
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception ex3) {
                    log.debug("open(): open failed: ", ex3);
                }
            }
        }

        initLibBounds();

        if ((fid >= 0) && loadFullHierarchy) {
            long n = H5.H5Fget_obj_count(fid, HDF5Constants.H5F_OBJ_ALL);
            log.trace("open(): open objects={}", n);
            // load the hierarchy of the file
            loadIntoMemory();
        }

        log.trace("open(loadFullHierarchy = {}, plist = {}): finish", loadFullHierarchy, plist);
        return fid;
    }

    /**
     * Loads the file structure into memory.
     */
    private void loadIntoMemory()
    {
        if (fid < 0) {
            log.debug("loadIntoMemory(): Invalid FID");
            return;
        }

        /*
         * TODO: Root group's name should be changed to 'this.getName()' and all
         * previous accesses of this field should now use getPath() instead of getName()
         * to get the root group. The root group actually does have a path of "/". The
         * depth_first method will have to be changed to setup other object paths
         * appropriately, as it currently assumes the root path to be null.
         */
        rootObject = new H5Group(this, "/", null, null);
        log.trace("loadIntoMemory(): depth_first on root");
        depth_first(rootObject, 0);
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the file structure by depth-first order, recursively. The current implementation retrieves
     * groups and datasets only. It does not include named datatypes and soft links.
     *
     * It also detects and stops loops. A loop is detected if there exists an object with the same object ID
     * by tracing a path back up to the root.
     *
     * @param parentObject
     *            the parent object.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
    private int depth_first(HObject parentObject, int nTotal)
    {
        log.trace("depth_first({}): start", parentObject);

        int nelems;
        String fullPath = null;
        String ppath    = null;
        long gid        = -1;

        H5Group pgroup = (H5Group)parentObject;
        ppath          = pgroup.getPath();

        if (ppath == null)
            fullPath = HObject.SEPARATOR;
        else
            fullPath = ppath + pgroup.getName() + HObject.SEPARATOR;

        nelems = 0;
        try {
            gid             = pgroup.open();
            H5G_info_t info = H5.H5Gget_info(gid);
            nelems          = (int)info.nlinks;
        }
        catch (HDF5Exception ex) {
            nelems = -1;
            log.debug("depth_first({}): H5Gget_info(gid {}) failure: ", parentObject, gid, ex);
        }

        if (nelems <= 0) {
            pgroup.close(gid);
            log.debug("depth_first({}): nelems <= 0", parentObject);
            return nTotal;
        }

        // since each call of H5.H5Gget_objname_by_idx() takes about one second.
        // 1,000,000 calls take 12 days. Instead of calling it in a loop,
        // we use only one call to get all the information, which takes about
        // two seconds
        int[] objTypes                              = new int[nelems];
        long[] fNos                                 = new long[nelems];
        hdf.hdf5lib.structs.H5O_token_t[] objTokens = new hdf.hdf5lib.structs.H5O_token_t[nelems];
        String[] objNames                           = new String[nelems];

        try {
            H5.H5Gget_obj_info_full(fid, fullPath, objNames, objTypes, null, fNos, objTokens, indexType,
                                    indexOrder);
        }
        catch (HDF5Exception ex) {
            log.debug("depth_first({}): failure: ", parentObject, ex);
            ex.printStackTrace();
            return nTotal;
        }

        int nStart = getStartMembers();
        int nMax   = getMaxMembers();

        String obj_name;
        int obj_type;

        // Iterate through the file to see members of the group
        for (int i = 0; i < nelems; i++) {
            obj_name = objNames[i];
            obj_type = objTypes[i];
            log.trace("depth_first({}): obj_name={}, obj_type={}", parentObject, obj_name, obj_type);
            log.trace("depth_first({}): objTokens[{}]={}", parentObject, i, objTokens[i].data);
            long[] objtok = HDFNativeData.byteToLong(objTokens[i].data);
            log.trace("depth_first({}): objtok[0]={}, objtok[1]={}, fNos[{}]={}", parentObject, objtok[0],
                      objtok[1], i, fNos[i]);

            if (obj_name == null) {
                log.trace("depth_first({}): continue after null obj_name", parentObject);
                continue;
            }

            nTotal++;

            if (nMax > 0) {
                if ((nTotal - nStart) >= nMax)
                    break; // loaded enough objects
            }

            boolean skipLoad = false;
            if ((nTotal > 0) && (nTotal < nStart))
                skipLoad = true;

            // create a new objects
            long[] oid = null;
            if (obj_type == HDF5Constants.H5O_TYPE_GROUP) {
                H5Group g = new H5Group(this, obj_name, fullPath, pgroup);
                oid       = g.getOID();

                pgroup.addToMemberList(g);

                // detect and stop loops
                // a loop is detected if there exists object with the same
                // object ID by tracing path back up to the root.
                boolean hasLoop = false;
                H5Group tmpObj  = (H5Group)parentObject;

                while (tmpObj != null) {
                    if (tmpObj.equalsOID(oid) && (tmpObj.getPath() != null)) {
                        hasLoop = true;
                        break;
                    }
                    else {
                        tmpObj = (H5Group)tmpObj.getParent();
                    }
                }

                // recursively go through the next group
                // stops if it has loop.
                if (!hasLoop) {
                    nTotal = depth_first(g, nTotal);
                }
            }
            else if (skipLoad) {
                continue;
            }
            else if (obj_type == HDF5Constants.H5O_TYPE_DATASET) {
                long did   = -1;
                long tid   = -1;
                int tclass = -1;
                try {
                    did = H5.H5Dopen(fid, fullPath + obj_name, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
                    if (did >= 0) {
                        tid = H5.H5Dget_type(did);

                        tclass = H5.H5Tget_class(tid);
                        if ((tclass == HDF5Constants.H5T_ARRAY) || (tclass == HDF5Constants.H5T_VLEN)) {
                            // for ARRAY, the type is determined by the base type
                            long btid = H5.H5Tget_super(tid);

                            tclass = H5.H5Tget_class(btid);

                            try {
                                H5.H5Tclose(btid);
                            }
                            catch (Exception ex) {
                                log.debug("depth_first({})[{}] dataset {} H5Tclose(btid {}) failure: ",
                                          parentObject, i, obj_name, btid, ex);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        log.debug("depth_first({})[{}] {} dataset open failure", parentObject, i, obj_name);
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception ex) {
                    log.debug("depth_first({})[{}] {} dataset access failure: ", parentObject, i, obj_name,
                              ex);
                }
                finally {
                    try {
                        H5.H5Tclose(tid);
                    }
                    catch (Exception ex) {
                        log.debug("depth_first({})[{}] daatset {} H5Tclose(tid {}) failure: ", parentObject,
                                  i, obj_name, tid, ex);
                    }
                    try {
                        H5.H5Dclose(did);
                    }
                    catch (Exception ex) {
                        log.debug("depth_first({})[{}] dataset {} H5Dclose(did {}) failure: ", parentObject,
                                  i, obj_name, did, ex);
                    }
                }
                Dataset d = null;
                if (tclass == HDF5Constants.H5T_COMPOUND) {
                    // create a new compound dataset
                    d = new H5CompoundDS(this, obj_name, fullPath);
                }
                else {
                    // create a new scalar dataset
                    d = new H5ScalarDS(this, obj_name, fullPath);
                }
                oid = d.getOID();

                pgroup.addToMemberList(d);
            }
            else if (obj_type == HDF5Constants.H5O_TYPE_NAMED_DATATYPE) {
                Datatype t = new H5Datatype(parentObject.getFileFormat(), obj_name, fullPath);
                log.trace("depth_first({}): H5O_TYPE_NAMED_DATATYPE name={}", parentObject, t.getFullName());
                oid = t.getOID();

                pgroup.addToMemberList(t);
            }
            else if (obj_type == HDF5Constants.H5O_TYPE_UNKNOWN) {
                H5Link link = new H5Link(this, obj_name, fullPath);
                oid         = link.getOID();

                pgroup.addToMemberList(link);
                continue; // do the next one, if the object is not identified.
            }
        } // ( i = 0; i < nelems; i++)

        pgroup.close(gid);

        log.debug("depth_first({}): nTotal={}", parentObject, nTotal);
        return nTotal;
    } // private depth_first()

    /**
     * Returns a list of all the members of this H5File in a
     * breadth-first ordering that are rooted at the specified
     * object.
     */
    private static List<HObject> getMembersBreadthFirst(HObject obj)
    {
        List<HObject> allMembers = new Vector<>();
        Queue<HObject> queue     = new LinkedList<>();
        HObject currentObject    = obj;

        queue.add(currentObject);

        while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
            currentObject = queue.remove();
            allMembers.add(currentObject);

            if (currentObject instanceof Group) {
                queue.addAll(((Group)currentObject).getMemberList());
            }
        }

        return allMembers;
    }

    private HObject copyDataset(Dataset srcDataset, H5Group pgroup, String dstName) throws Exception
    {
        Dataset dataset   = null;
        long srcdid       = -1;
        long dstdid       = -1;
        long ocp_plist_id = -1;
        String dname      = null;
        String path       = null;

        if (pgroup.isRoot())
            path = HObject.SEPARATOR;
        else
            path = pgroup.getPath() + pgroup.getName() + HObject.SEPARATOR;

        if ((dstName == null) || dstName.equals(HObject.SEPARATOR) || (dstName.length() < 1))
            dstName = srcDataset.getName();
        dname = path + dstName;

        if (((H5Datatype)srcDataset.getDatatype()).isStdRef()) {
            log.debug("copyDataset(): isStdRef");
        }
        try {
            srcdid = srcDataset.open();
            dstdid = pgroup.open();

            try {
                ocp_plist_id = H5.H5Pcreate(HDF5Constants.H5P_OBJECT_COPY);
                H5.H5Pset_copy_object(ocp_plist_id, HDF5Constants.H5O_COPY_EXPAND_REFERENCE_FLAG);
                H5.H5Ocopy(srcdid, ".", dstdid, dstName, ocp_plist_id, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                log.debug("copyDataset(): {} failure: ", dname, ex);
            }
            finally {
                try {
                    H5.H5Pclose(ocp_plist_id);
                }
                catch (Exception ex) {
                    log.debug("copyDataset(): {} H5Pclose(ocp_plist_id {}) failure: ", dname, ocp_plist_id,
                              ex);
                }
            }

            if (srcDataset instanceof H5ScalarDS)
                dataset = new H5ScalarDS(pgroup.getFileFormat(), dstName, path);
            else
                dataset = new H5CompoundDS(pgroup.getFileFormat(), dstName, path);

            pgroup.addToMemberList(dataset);
        }
        finally {
            try {
                srcDataset.close(srcdid);
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                log.debug("copyDataset(): {} srcDataset.close(srcdid {}) failure: ", dname, srcdid, ex);
            }
            try {
                pgroup.close(dstdid);
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                log.debug("copyDataset(): {} pgroup.close(dstdid {}) failure: ", dname, dstdid, ex);
            }
        }

        return dataset;
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a dataset for specified dataset identifier.
     *
     * @param did
     *            the dataset identifier
     * @param name
     *            the name of the dataset
     * @param path
     *            the path of the dataset
     *
     * @return the dataset if successful; otherwise return null.
     *
     * @throws HDF5Exception
     *             If there is an error at the HDF5 library level.
     */
    private Dataset getDataset(long did, String name, String path) throws HDF5Exception
    {
        Dataset dataset = null;
        if (did >= 0) {
            long tid   = -1;
            int tclass = -1;
            try {
                tid    = H5.H5Dget_type(did);
                tclass = H5.H5Tget_class(tid);
                if (tclass == HDF5Constants.H5T_ARRAY) {
                    // for ARRAY, the type is determined by the base type
                    long btid = H5.H5Tget_super(tid);
                    tclass    = H5.H5Tget_class(btid);
                    try {
                        H5.H5Tclose(btid);
                    }
                    catch (Exception ex) {
                        log.debug("getDataset(): {} H5Tclose(btid {}) failure: ", name, btid, ex);
                    }
                }
            }
            finally {
                try {
                    H5.H5Tclose(tid);
                }
                catch (Exception ex) {
                    log.debug("getDataset(): {} H5Tclose(tid {}) failure: ", name, tid, ex);
                }
            }

            if (tclass == HDF5Constants.H5T_COMPOUND)
                dataset = new H5CompoundDS(this, name, path);
            else
                dataset = new H5ScalarDS(this, name, path);
        }
        else {
            log.debug("getDataset(): id failure");
        }

        return dataset;
    }

    /**
     * Copies a named datatype to another location.
     *
     * @param srcType
     *            the source datatype
     * @param pgroup
     *            the group which the new datatype is copied to
     * @param dstName
     *            the name of the new dataype
     *
     * @throws Exception
     *            If there is a failure.
     */
    private HObject copyDatatype(Datatype srcType, H5Group pgroup, String dstName) throws Exception
    {
        Datatype datatype = null;
        long tid_src      = -1;
        long gid_dst      = -1;
        String path       = null;

        if (pgroup.isRoot())
            path = HObject.SEPARATOR;
        else
            path = pgroup.getPath() + pgroup.getName() + HObject.SEPARATOR;

        if ((dstName == null) || dstName.equals(HObject.SEPARATOR) || (dstName.length() < 1))
            dstName = srcType.getName();

        try {
            tid_src = srcType.open();
            gid_dst = pgroup.open();

            try {
                H5.H5Ocopy(tid_src, ".", gid_dst, dstName, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT,
                           HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                log.debug("copyDatatype(): {} H5Ocopy(tid_src {}) failure: ", dstName, tid_src, ex);
            }
            int nativeClass = H5.H5Tget_class(tid_src);
            if (nativeClass == HDF5Constants.H5T_REFERENCE)
                datatype = new H5ReferenceType(pgroup.getFileFormat(), dstName, path);
            else
                datatype = new H5Datatype(pgroup.getFileFormat(), dstName, path);

            pgroup.addToMemberList(datatype);
        }
        finally {
            try {
                srcType.close(tid_src);
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                log.debug("copyDatatype(): {} srcType.close(tid_src {}) failure: ", dstName, tid_src, ex);
            }
            try {
                pgroup.close(gid_dst);
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                log.debug("copyDatatype(): {} pgroup.close(gid_dst {}) failure: ", dstName, gid_dst, ex);
            }
        }

        return datatype;
    }

    /**
     * Copies a group and its members to a new location.
     *
     * @param srcGroup
     *            the source group
     * @param dstGroup
     *            the location where the new group is located
     * @param dstName
     *            the name of the new group
     *
     * @throws Exception
     *            If there is a failure.
     */
    private HObject copyGroup(H5Group srcGroup, H5Group dstGroup, String dstName) throws Exception
    {
        H5Group group = null;
        long srcgid = -1, dstgid = -1;
        String path = null;

        if (dstGroup.isRoot())
            path = HObject.SEPARATOR;
        else
            path = dstGroup.getPath() + dstGroup.getName() + HObject.SEPARATOR;

        if ((dstName == null) || dstName.equals(HObject.SEPARATOR) || (dstName.length() < 1))
            dstName = srcGroup.getName();

        try {
            srcgid = srcGroup.open();
            dstgid = dstGroup.open();
            try {
                H5.H5Ocopy(srcgid, ".", dstgid, dstName, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT,
                           HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                log.debug("copyGroup(): {} H5Ocopy(srcgid {}) failure: ", dstName, srcgid, ex);
            }

            group = new H5Group(dstGroup.getFileFormat(), dstName, path, dstGroup);
            depth_first(group, Integer.MIN_VALUE); // reload all
            dstGroup.addToMemberList(group);
        }

        finally {
            try {
                srcGroup.close(srcgid);
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                log.debug("copyGroup(): {} srcGroup.close(srcgid {}) failure: ", dstName, srcgid, ex);
            }
            try {
                dstGroup.close(dstgid);
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                log.debug("copyGroup(): {} pgroup.close(dstgid {}) failure: ", dstName, dstgid, ex);
            }
        }

        return group;
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a group for specified group identifier and retrieves members.
     *
     * @param gid
     *            The group identifier.
     * @param name
     *            The group name.
     * @param pGroup
     *            The parent group, or null for the root group.
     *
     * @return The group if successful; otherwise returns false.
     *
     * @throws HDF5Exception
     *             If there is an error at the HDF5 library level.
     */
    private H5Group getGroup(long gid, String name, Group pGroup) throws HDF5Exception
    {
        String parentPath     = null;
        String thisFullName   = null;
        String memberFullName = null;

        if (pGroup == null) {
            thisFullName = name = "/";
        }
        else {
            parentPath = pGroup.getFullName();
            if ((parentPath == null) || parentPath.equals("/"))
                thisFullName = "/" + name;
            else
                thisFullName = parentPath + "/" + name;
        }

        // get rid of any extra "/"
        if (parentPath != null)
            parentPath = parentPath.replaceAll("//", "/");
        if (thisFullName != null)
            thisFullName = thisFullName.replaceAll("//", "/");

        log.trace("getGroup(): fullName={}", thisFullName);

        H5Group group = new H5Group(this, name, parentPath, pGroup);

        H5G_info_t group_info = null;
        H5O_info_t obj_info   = null;
        long objid            = -1;
        String link_name      = null;
        try {
            group_info = H5.H5Gget_info(gid);
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            log.debug("getGroup(): {} H5Gget_info(gid {}) failure: ", name, gid, ex);
        }
        try {
            objid = H5.H5Oopen(gid, thisFullName, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            log.debug("getGroup(): {} H5Oopen(gid {}) failure: ", name, gid, ex);
        }

        // retrieve only the immediate members of the group, do not follow
        // subgroups
        for (int i = 0; i < group_info.nlinks; i++) {
            try {
                link_name = H5.H5Lget_name_by_idx(gid, thisFullName, indexType, indexOrder, i,
                                                  HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
                obj_info  = H5.H5Oget_info_by_idx(objid, thisFullName, indexType, indexOrder, i,
                                                  HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
            }
            catch (HDF5Exception ex) {
                log.debug("getGroup()[{}]: {} name,info failure: ", i, name, ex);
                // do not stop if accessing one member fails
                continue;
            }
            // create a new group
            if (obj_info.type == HDF5Constants.H5O_TYPE_GROUP) {
                H5Group g = new H5Group(this, link_name, thisFullName, group);
                group.addToMemberList(g);
            }
            else if (obj_info.type == HDF5Constants.H5O_TYPE_DATASET) {
                long did  = -1;
                Dataset d = null;

                if ((thisFullName == null) || thisFullName.equals("/"))
                    memberFullName = "/" + link_name;
                else
                    memberFullName = thisFullName + "/" + link_name;

                try {
                    did = H5.H5Dopen(fid, memberFullName, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
                    d   = getDataset(did, link_name, thisFullName);
                }
                finally {
                    try {
                        H5.H5Dclose(did);
                    }
                    catch (Exception ex) {
                        log.debug("getGroup()[{}]: {} H5Dclose(did {}) failure: ", i, name, did, ex);
                    }
                }
                group.addToMemberList(d);
            }
            else if (obj_info.type == HDF5Constants.H5O_TYPE_NAMED_DATATYPE) {
                Datatype t = new H5Datatype(group.getFileFormat(), link_name, thisFullName);
                group.addToMemberList(t);
            }
        } // End of for loop.
        try {
            if (objid >= 0)
                H5.H5Oclose(objid);
        }
        catch (Exception ex) {
            log.debug("getGroup(): {} H5Oclose(oid {}) failure: ", name, objid, ex);
        }

        return group;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the name of the target object that is being linked to.
     *
     * @param obj
     *            The current link object.
     *
     * @return The name of the target object.
     *
     * @throws Exception
     *             If there is an error at the HDF5 library level.
     */
    public static String getLinkTargetName(HObject obj) throws Exception
    {
        String[] link_value  = {null, null};
        String targetObjName = null;

        if (obj == null) {
            log.debug("getLinkTargetName(): object is null");
            return null;
        }

        if (obj.getFullName().equals("/")) {
            log.debug("getLinkTargetName(): object is root group, links not allowed");
            return null;
        }

        H5L_info_t link_info = null;
        if (obj.getFID() < 0)
            log.trace("getLinkTargetName(): file id for:{} is invalid", obj.getFullName());
        else {
            try {
                link_info = H5.H5Lget_info(obj.getFID(), obj.getFullName(), HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
            }
            catch (Exception err) {
                log.debug("getLinkTargetName(): H5Lget_info {} failure: ", obj.getFullName(), err);
            }
        }
        if (link_info != null) {
            if ((link_info.type == HDF5Constants.H5L_TYPE_SOFT) ||
                (link_info.type == HDF5Constants.H5L_TYPE_EXTERNAL)) {
                try {
                    H5.H5Lget_value(obj.getFID(), obj.getFullName(), link_value, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
                }
                catch (Exception ex) {
                    log.debug("getLinkTargetName(): H5Lget_value {} failure: ", obj.getFullName(), ex);
                }
                if (link_info.type == HDF5Constants.H5L_TYPE_SOFT)
                    targetObjName = link_value[0];
                else if (link_info.type == HDF5Constants.H5L_TYPE_EXTERNAL)
                    targetObjName = link_value[1] + FileFormat.FILE_OBJ_SEP + link_value[0];
            }
        }

        return targetObjName;
    }

    /**
     * Export dataset.
     *
     * @param file_export_name
     *            The file name to export data into.
     * @param object
     *            The id of the HDF5 dataset.
     * @param binary_order
     *            The data byte order
     *
     * @throws Exception
     *            If there is a failure.
     */
    @Override
    public void exportDataset(String file_export_name, Dataset object, int binary_order) throws Exception
    {
        long did = object.open();
        H5.H5export_dataset(file_export_name, did, object.getFullName(), binary_order);
        object.close(did);
    }

    /**
     * Renames an attribute.
     *
     * @param obj
     *            The object whose attribute is to be renamed.
     * @param oldAttrName
     *            The current name of the attribute.
     * @param newAttrName
     *            The new name of the attribute.
     *
     * @throws Exception
     *             If there is an error at the HDF5 library level.
     */
    @Override
    public void renameAttribute(HObject obj, String oldAttrName, String newAttrName) throws Exception
    {
        log.trace("renameAttribute(): rename {} to {}", oldAttrName, newAttrName);
        H5.H5Arename_by_name(obj.getFID(), obj.getFullName(), oldAttrName, newAttrName,
                             HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
    }

    /**
     * Rename the given object
     *
     * @param obj
     *            the object to be renamed.
     * @param newName
     *            the new name of the object.
     *
     * @throws Exception
     *            If there is a failure.
     */
    public static void renameObject(HObject obj, String newName) throws Exception
    {
        renameObject(obj, obj.getPath(), newName);
    }

    /**
     * Rename the given object
     *
     * @param obj
     *            the object to be renamed.
     * @param newPath
     *            the new path of the object.
     * @param newName
     *            the new name of the object.
     *
     * @throws Exception
     *            If there is a failure.
     */
    public static void renameObject(HObject obj, String newPath, String newName) throws Exception
    {
        String currentFullPath = obj.getFullName();
        String newFullPath     = obj.createFullname(newPath, newName);

        log.trace("renameObject(): currentFullPath={} newFullPath={}", currentFullPath, newFullPath);
        if ((currentFullPath != null) && (newFullPath != null)) {
            currentFullPath = currentFullPath.replaceAll("//", "/");
            newFullPath     = newFullPath.replaceAll("//", "/");

            if (currentFullPath.equals("/") && obj instanceof Group)
                throw new HDF5Exception("Can't rename the root group.");

            if (currentFullPath.equals(newFullPath))
                throw new HDF5Exception("The new name is the same as the current name.");

            // Call the library to move things in the file if object exists
            if (obj.getName() != null)
                H5.H5Lmove(obj.getFID(), currentFullPath, obj.getFID(), newFullPath,
                           HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT, HDF5Constants.H5P_DEFAULT);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Get the value of the index type value.
     *
     * @return the int value of the index type value.
     *
     * @param strtype The name of the index type.
     */
    public static int getIndexTypeValue(String strtype)
    {
        if (strtype.compareTo("H5_INDEX_NAME") == 0)
            return HDF5Constants.H5_INDEX_NAME;
        if (strtype.compareTo("H5_INDEX_CRT_ORDER") == 0)
            return HDF5Constants.H5_INDEX_CRT_ORDER;
        if (strtype.compareTo("H5_INDEX_N") == 0)
            return HDF5Constants.H5_INDEX_N;
        return HDF5Constants.H5_INDEX_UNKNOWN;
    }

    /**
     * Get the value of the index order.
     *
     * @return the int value of the index order.
     *
     * @param strorder The name of the index order.
     */
    public static int getIndexOrderValue(String strorder)
    {
        if (strorder.compareTo("H5_ITER_INC") == 0)
            return HDF5Constants.H5_ITER_INC;
        if (strorder.compareTo("H5_ITER_DEC") == 0)
            return HDF5Constants.H5_ITER_DEC;
        if (strorder.compareTo("H5_ITER_NATIVE") == 0)
            return HDF5Constants.H5_ITER_NATIVE;
        if (strorder.compareTo("H5_ITER_N") == 0)
            return HDF5Constants.H5_ITER_N;
        return HDF5Constants.H5_ITER_UNKNOWN;
    }

    @Override
    /**
     * Get the value of the index type.
     *
     * @return the int value of the index type.
     *
     * @param strtype The name of the index type.
     */
    public int getIndexType(String strtype)
    {
        if (strtype != null) {
            if (strtype.compareTo("H5_INDEX_NAME") == 0)
                return HDF5Constants.H5_INDEX_NAME;
            if (strtype.compareTo("H5_INDEX_CRT_ORDER") == 0)
                return HDF5Constants.H5_INDEX_CRT_ORDER;
            return HDF5Constants.H5_INDEX_UNKNOWN;
        }
        return getIndexType();
    }

    /**
     * Get the current value of the index type.
     *
     * @return the current value of the index type.
     */
    public int getIndexType() { return indexType; }

    @Override
    /**
     * set the int value of the index type.
     *
     * @param indexType
     *            The value of the index type.
     */
    public void setIndexType(int indexType)
    {
        this.indexType = indexType;
    }

    @Override
    /**
     * Get the value of the index order value.
     *
     * @return the int value of the index order value.
     *
     * @param strorder The name of the index order.
     */
    public int getIndexOrder(String strorder)
    {
        if (strorder != null) {
            if (strorder.compareTo("H5_ITER_INC") == 0)
                return HDF5Constants.H5_ITER_INC;
            if (strorder.compareTo("H5_ITER_DEC") == 0)
                return HDF5Constants.H5_ITER_DEC;
            if (strorder.compareTo("H5_ITER_NATIVE") == 0)
                return HDF5Constants.H5_ITER_NATIVE;
            if (strorder.compareTo("H5_ITER_N") == 0)
                return HDF5Constants.H5_ITER_N;
            return HDF5Constants.H5_ITER_UNKNOWN;
        }
        return getIndexOrder();
    }

    /**
     * Get the current value of the index order.
     *
     * @return the current value of the index order.
     */
    public int getIndexOrder() { return indexOrder; }

    @Override
    /**
     * set the current value of the index order.
     *
     * @param indexOrder
     *            The index order.
     */
    public void setIndexOrder(int indexOrder)
    {
        this.indexOrder = indexOrder;
    }
}