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| HDF5 Last Updated on 2026-07-28 The HDF5 Field Guide

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Reading From and Writing To a Dataset

Navigate back: Main / Getting Started with HDF5 / Learning the Basics

# Dataset I/O Operation

During a dataset I/O operation, the library transfers raw data between memory and the file. The data in memory can have a datatype different from that of the file and can also be of a different size (i.e., the data in memory is a subset of the dataset elements, or vice versa). Therefore, to perform read or write operations, the application program must specify:

- The dataset
- The dataset's datatype in memory
- The dataset's dataspace in memory
- The dataset's dataspace in the file
- The dataset transfer property list
  - (The dataset transfer property list controls various aspects of the I/O operations, such as the number of processes participating in a collective I/O request or hints to the library to control caching of raw data. In this tutorial, we use the default dataset transfer property list.)
- The data buffer

The steps to read from or write to a dataset are as follows:

1. Obtain the dataset identifier.
2. Specify the memory datatype.
3. Specify the memory dataspace.
4. Specify the file dataspace.
5. Specify the transfer properties.
6. Perform the desired operation on the dataset.
7. Close the dataset.
8. Close the dataspace, datatype, and property list if necessary.

To read from or write to a dataset, the H5Dread and H5Dwrite routines are used.

C

status = H5Dread (set_id, mem_type_id, mem_space_id, file_space_id, xfer_prp, buf);
status = H5Dwrite (set_id, mem_type_id, mem_space_id, file_space_id, xfer_prp, buf);
H5Dread
herr_t H5Dread(hid_t dset_id, hid_t mem_type_id, hid_t mem_space_id, hid_t file_space_id, hid_t dxpl_id, void *buf)
Reads raw data from a dataset into a provided buffer.
H5Dwrite
herr_t H5Dwrite(hid_t dset_id, hid_t mem_type_id, hid_t mem_space_id, hid_t file_space_id, hid_t dxpl_id, const void *buf)
Writes raw data from a buffer to a dataset.

Fortran

CALL h5dread_f(dset_id, mem_type_id, buf, dims, error, &
mem_space_id=mspace_id, file_space_id=fspace_id, &
xfer_prp=xfer_plist_id)
or
CALL h5dread_f(dset_id, mem_type_id, buf, dims, error)
CALL h5dwrite_f(dset_id, mem_type_id, buf, dims, error, &
mem_space_id=mspace_id, file_space_id=fspace_id, &
xfer_prp=xfer_plist_id)
or
CALL h5dwrite_f(dset_id, mem_type_id, buf, dims, error)

# High Level APIs

The High Level HDF5 Lite APIs (H5LT,H5LD) include functions that simplify and condense the steps for creating and reading datasets. Please be sure to review them, in addition to this tutorial.

# Programming Example

## Description

See Examples from Learning the Basics for the examples used in the Learning the Basics tutorial.

The example shows how to read and write an existing dataset. It opens the file created in the previous example, obtains the dataset identifier for the dataset `/dset`, writes the dataset to the file, then reads the dataset back. It then closes the dataset and file.

Note that H5S_ALL is passed in for both the memory and file dataspace parameters in the read and write calls. This indicates that the entire dataspace of the dataset will be read or written to. H5S_ALL by itself does not necessarily have this meaning. See the HDF5 Reference Manual entry for H5Dread or H5Dwrite for more information on using H5S_ALL.

For details on compiling an HDF5 application: [ Compiling HDF5 Applications ]

## Remarks

H5Fopen opens an existing file and returns a file identifier.

H5Dopen opens an existing dataset with the specified name and location.

H5Dwrite writes raw data from an application buffer to the specified dataset, converting from the datatype and dataspace of the dataset in memory to the datatype and dataspace of the dataset in the file. Specifying H5S_ALL for both the memory and file dataspaces indicates that the entire dataspace of the dataset is to be written to. H5S_ALL by itself does not necessarily have this meaning. See the HDF5 Reference Manual entry for H5Dwrite for more information on using H5S_ALL.

H5Dread reads raw data from the specified dataset to an application buffer, converting from the file datatype and dataspace to the memory datatype and dataspace. Specifying H5S_ALL for both the memory and file dataspaces indicates that the entire dataspace of the dataset is to be read. H5S_ALL by itself does not necessarily have this meaning. See the HDF5 Reference Manual entry for H5Dread for more information on using H5S_ALL.

## File Contents

Shown below is the contents of dset.h5 (created by the C program).

dset.h5 in DDL

HDF5 "dset.h5" {
GROUP "/" {
DATASET "dset" {
DATATYPE { H5T_STD_I32BE }
DATASPACE { SIMPLE ( 4, 6 ) / ( 4, 6 ) }
DATA {
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
}
}
}
}
H5T_STD_I32BE
#define H5T_STD_I32BE
Definition H5Tpublic.h:466

Shown below is the contents of dsetf.h5 (created by the FORTRAN program).

dsetf.h5 in DDL

HDF5 "dsetf.h5" {
GROUP "/" {
DATASET "dset" {
DATATYPE { H5T_STD_I32BE }
DATASPACE { SIMPLE ( 6, 4 ) / ( 6, 4 ) }
DATA {
1, 7, 13, 19,
2, 8, 14, 20,
3, 9, 15, 21,
4, 10, 16, 22,
5, 11, 17, 23,
6, 12, 18, 24
}
}
}
}

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